Summary of feeding mean kinematic variables for Kogia, pooled Tursiops, Tursiops open gape approach and Tursiops closed gape approach
| . | . | Tursiops . | . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kinematic variable . | Kogia . | Pooled . | Open . | Closed . | ||
| RSI | -0.67±0.29 | 0.94±0.11 | 0.95±0.08 | 0.93±0.12 | ||
| Feeding cycle duration (ms) | 470±139 | 863±337 | 1211±207 | 662±207 | ||
| Phase I duration (ms) | 39±65 | 59±110 | 20±60 | 83±125 | ||
| Phase II duration (ms) | 195±115 | 493±276 | 756±277 | 340±115 | ||
| Phase III duration (ms) | 36±75 | 45±88 | 77±127 | 26±51 | ||
| Phase IV duration (ms) | 200±85 | 266±176 | 359±248 | 212±86 | ||
| Maximum gape angle (°) | 40±19 | 25±6.60 | 25±7.33 | 25±6.34 | ||
| Max. opening gape angle velocity (deg. s-1) | 293±261 | 84±56 | 40±18 | 109±55 | ||
| Max. gape (cm) | 8.54±3.60 | 12±3.29 | 11±3.51 | 12±3.24 | ||
| Time to max. gape (s) | 282±147 | 564±251 | 782±253 | 438±142 | ||
| Max. closing gape angle velocity (deg. s-1) | 223±121 | 120±54 | 108±49 | 127±57 | ||
| Max. gular depression (cm) | 2.25±1.81 | 4.75±2.57 | 4.88±2.32 | 4.61±2.91 | ||
| Time to max. gular depression (ms) | 283±153 | 623±208 | 695±217 | 552±181 | ||
| Max. gular retraction (cm) | 2.67±2.35 | 5.57±3.07 | 1.79±0.11 | 4.11±3.35 | ||
| Time to max. gular retraction (ms) | 260±69 | 397±197 | 261±154 | 438±196 | ||
| Max. food velocity (cm s-1) | 41±23 | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
| Max. hydraulic jetting distance (cm) | 2.59±1.13 | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
| Max. hydraulic jetting velocity (cm s-1) | 22±5.90 | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
| Max. tongue retraction (cm) | n/a | 4.65±3.73 | n/a | 5.13±3.76 | ||
| Time to max. tongue retraction (ms) | n/a | 167±57 | n/a | 148±20 | ||
| . | . | Tursiops . | . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kinematic variable . | Kogia . | Pooled . | Open . | Closed . | ||
| RSI | -0.67±0.29 | 0.94±0.11 | 0.95±0.08 | 0.93±0.12 | ||
| Feeding cycle duration (ms) | 470±139 | 863±337 | 1211±207 | 662±207 | ||
| Phase I duration (ms) | 39±65 | 59±110 | 20±60 | 83±125 | ||
| Phase II duration (ms) | 195±115 | 493±276 | 756±277 | 340±115 | ||
| Phase III duration (ms) | 36±75 | 45±88 | 77±127 | 26±51 | ||
| Phase IV duration (ms) | 200±85 | 266±176 | 359±248 | 212±86 | ||
| Maximum gape angle (°) | 40±19 | 25±6.60 | 25±7.33 | 25±6.34 | ||
| Max. opening gape angle velocity (deg. s-1) | 293±261 | 84±56 | 40±18 | 109±55 | ||
| Max. gape (cm) | 8.54±3.60 | 12±3.29 | 11±3.51 | 12±3.24 | ||
| Time to max. gape (s) | 282±147 | 564±251 | 782±253 | 438±142 | ||
| Max. closing gape angle velocity (deg. s-1) | 223±121 | 120±54 | 108±49 | 127±57 | ||
| Max. gular depression (cm) | 2.25±1.81 | 4.75±2.57 | 4.88±2.32 | 4.61±2.91 | ||
| Time to max. gular depression (ms) | 283±153 | 623±208 | 695±217 | 552±181 | ||
| Max. gular retraction (cm) | 2.67±2.35 | 5.57±3.07 | 1.79±0.11 | 4.11±3.35 | ||
| Time to max. gular retraction (ms) | 260±69 | 397±197 | 261±154 | 438±196 | ||
| Max. food velocity (cm s-1) | 41±23 | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
| Max. hydraulic jetting distance (cm) | 2.59±1.13 | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
| Max. hydraulic jetting velocity (cm s-1) | 22±5.90 | n/a | n/a | n/a | ||
| Max. tongue retraction (cm) | n/a | 4.65±3.73 | n/a | 5.13±3.76 | ||
| Time to max. tongue retraction (ms) | n/a | 167±57 | n/a | 148±20 | ||
RSI, Ram-Suction Index.
Values are means ± s.d.; n/a, not applicable. N=16 (Kogia), 30 (Tursiops).