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Table 1.

Assessment of the frequency of P/P divisions

	Age
	E13	E14	E13+E14	E15
In vivo^{^*}
Ki67-positive/Nissl-positive	90%	83%	87%	56%
Surface divisions in slices^{^†}
Short culture
Total two-cell clones	15	4	19	6
Ki67-positive:Ki67-positive	11 (73%)	3 (75%)	14 (74%)	2 (33%)
Ki67-positive:Ki67-negative	4 (27%)	1 (25%)	5 (26%)	2 (33%)
Ki67-negative:Ki67-negative	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (33%)
Extended culture
Total clones (2∼4 cells)			70
P/P			57 (81%)
P/N			11 (16%)
N/N			2 (3%)

	Age
	E13	E14	E13+E14	E15
In vivo^{^*}
Ki67-positive/Nissl-positive	90%	83%	87%	56%
Surface divisions in slices^{^†}
Short culture
Total two-cell clones	15	4	19	6
Ki67-positive:Ki67-positive	11 (73%)	3 (75%)	14 (74%)	2 (33%)
Ki67-positive:Ki67-negative	4 (27%)	1 (25%)	5 (26%)	2 (33%)
Ki67-negative:Ki67-negative	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (33%)
Extended culture
Total clones (2∼4 cells)			70
P/P			57 (81%)
P/N			11 (16%)
N/N			2 (3%)

Daughter cells that did not divide beyond the time that many other daughter cells had divided were judged as neurons (N) in the extended culture.

Fluorescent Nissl stain was used to visualize all cells in the cerebral wall. The proportion of Nissl-positive cells in the VZ and SVZ of the dorsal pallial region (photographed using a 40× objective lens) that were Ki67 positive (Fig. 1B) was calculated (n=546 cells at E13, 612 cells at E14, and 681 cells at E15)

†

Daughter cells generated at the ventricular surface were characterized by staining with anti-Ki67 within 4-7 hours from their birth (short culture, Fig. 1C) or by keeping them much longer (extended culture, Fig. 1D,E)

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