Morphological and hydrodynamic parameters measured for individual Chondrus
| . | . | . | . | Low velocity model . | . | . | High velocity model . | . | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alga . | Height (cm) . | Aplan (cm2) . | Arep (cm2) . | Vogel's E . | CD,plan@ 0.5 m s-1 . | Predicted force (N) (% error) . | Vogel's E . | CD,plan@ 1.9 m s-1 . | Predicted force (N) (% error) . | Predicted FDR (N) (% error) . | ||||
| 1 | 8.26 | 20.16 | 13.50 | -0.42 | 0.51 | 1.42 (61.67) | -0.55 | 0.24 | 0.62 (-29.33) | 0.92 (4.99) | ||||
| 2 | 9.44 | 24.80 | 17.47 | -0.72 | 0.46 | 1.30 (52.77) | -0.69 | 0.19 | 0.55 (-35.31) | 1.19 (40.25) | ||||
| 3 | 5.98 | 17.98 | 14.25 | -0.52 | 0.50 | 1.17 (37.87) | -0.44 | 0.26 | 0.65 (-24.25) | 0.97 (14.11) | ||||
| 4 | 7.16 | 21.75 | 16.50 | -0.72 | 0.49 | 1.23 (38.41) | -0.55 | 0.22 | 0.63 (-29.33) | 1.13 (27.07) | ||||
| 5 | 6.84 | 9.84 | 6.14 | -0.39 | 0.58 | 0.80 (88.41) | -0.66 | 0.24 | 0.28 (-34.07) | 0.42 (-1.65) | ||||
| 6 | 6.05 | 20.46 | 12.75 | -0.84 | 0.41 | 0.89 (17.45) | -0.56 | 0.20 | 0.53 (-29.78) | 0.87 (15.40) | ||||
| 7 | 9.38 | 28.36 | 23.14 | -0.64 | 0.62 | 2.12 (42.40) | -0.53 | 0.29 | 1.06 (-28.44) | 1.58 (6.14) | ||||
| 8 | 7.84 | 8.01 | 9.49 | -0.66 | 0.91 | 0.87 (51.88) | -0.59 | 0.40 | 0.40 (-31.10) | 0.65 (12.78) | ||||
| 9 | 8.96 | 16.66 | 14.24 | -0.85 | 0.57 | 1.00 (31.70) | -0.49 | 0.25 | 0.56 (-26.61) | 0.97 (27.57) | ||||
| 10 | 5.18 | 9.89 | 6.14 | -0.73 | 0.33 | 0.37 (21.93) | -0.47 | 0.17 | 0.23 (-25.67) | 0.40 (28.67) | ||||
| 11 | 6.98 | 5.77 | 5.61 | -0.57 | 0.78 | 0.57 (90.13) | -0.81 | 0.29 | 0.18 (-40.03) | 0.38 (27.45) | ||||
| 12 | 4.98 | 8.86 | 7.06 | -0.45 | 0.75 | 0.91 (75.67) | -0.66 | 0.32 | 0.34 (-34.07) | 0.48 (-6.86) | ||||
| 13 | 5.21 | 11.36 | 10.22 | -0.42 | 0.89 | 1.40 (79.71) | -0.65 | 0.38 | 0.52 (-33.66) | 0.70 (-10.63) | ||||
| 14 | 5.18 | 6.11 | 4.45 | -0.48 | 0.66 | 0.54 (83.02) | -0.75 | 0.27 | 0.18 (-37.72) | 0.30 (3.32) | ||||
| 15 | 9.10 | 15.48 | 9.89 | -0.74 | 0.41 | 0.73 (63.58) | -0.70 | 0.16 | 0.29 (-35.72) | 0.67 (51.41) | ||||
| 16 | 8.96 | 10.16 | 5.59 | -0.51 | 0.33 | 0.45 (60.04) | -0.56 | 0.15 | 0.20 (-29.78) | 0.38 (36.82) | ||||
| 17 | 7.58 | 16.85 | 15.40 | -0.35 | 0.92 | 2.25 (60.12) | -0.54 | 0.46 | 1.00 (-28.89) | 1.05 (-25.16) | ||||
| 18 | 9.78 | 17.04 | 11.73 | -0.58 | 0.45 | 0.96 (50.53) | -0.64 | 0.21 | 0.42 (-33.24) | 0.80 (26.07) | ||||
| 19 | 6.74 | 11.36 | 9.37 | -0.51 | 0.72 | 1.07 (56.12) | -0.56 | 0.33 | 0.48 (-29.78) | 0.64 (-6.95) | ||||
| Mean | 7.35 | 14.31 | 11.21 | -0.58 | 0.59 | 1.05 (55.97) | -0.60 | 0.26 | 0.48 (-31.41) | 0.76 (14.25) | ||||
| s.e.m. | 0.37 | 1.41 | 1.13 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.08 | ||||
| . | . | . | . | Low velocity model . | . | . | High velocity model . | . | . | . | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alga . | Height (cm) . | Aplan (cm2) . | Arep (cm2) . | Vogel's E . | CD,plan@ 0.5 m s-1 . | Predicted force (N) (% error) . | Vogel's E . | CD,plan@ 1.9 m s-1 . | Predicted force (N) (% error) . | Predicted FDR (N) (% error) . | ||||
| 1 | 8.26 | 20.16 | 13.50 | -0.42 | 0.51 | 1.42 (61.67) | -0.55 | 0.24 | 0.62 (-29.33) | 0.92 (4.99) | ||||
| 2 | 9.44 | 24.80 | 17.47 | -0.72 | 0.46 | 1.30 (52.77) | -0.69 | 0.19 | 0.55 (-35.31) | 1.19 (40.25) | ||||
| 3 | 5.98 | 17.98 | 14.25 | -0.52 | 0.50 | 1.17 (37.87) | -0.44 | 0.26 | 0.65 (-24.25) | 0.97 (14.11) | ||||
| 4 | 7.16 | 21.75 | 16.50 | -0.72 | 0.49 | 1.23 (38.41) | -0.55 | 0.22 | 0.63 (-29.33) | 1.13 (27.07) | ||||
| 5 | 6.84 | 9.84 | 6.14 | -0.39 | 0.58 | 0.80 (88.41) | -0.66 | 0.24 | 0.28 (-34.07) | 0.42 (-1.65) | ||||
| 6 | 6.05 | 20.46 | 12.75 | -0.84 | 0.41 | 0.89 (17.45) | -0.56 | 0.20 | 0.53 (-29.78) | 0.87 (15.40) | ||||
| 7 | 9.38 | 28.36 | 23.14 | -0.64 | 0.62 | 2.12 (42.40) | -0.53 | 0.29 | 1.06 (-28.44) | 1.58 (6.14) | ||||
| 8 | 7.84 | 8.01 | 9.49 | -0.66 | 0.91 | 0.87 (51.88) | -0.59 | 0.40 | 0.40 (-31.10) | 0.65 (12.78) | ||||
| 9 | 8.96 | 16.66 | 14.24 | -0.85 | 0.57 | 1.00 (31.70) | -0.49 | 0.25 | 0.56 (-26.61) | 0.97 (27.57) | ||||
| 10 | 5.18 | 9.89 | 6.14 | -0.73 | 0.33 | 0.37 (21.93) | -0.47 | 0.17 | 0.23 (-25.67) | 0.40 (28.67) | ||||
| 11 | 6.98 | 5.77 | 5.61 | -0.57 | 0.78 | 0.57 (90.13) | -0.81 | 0.29 | 0.18 (-40.03) | 0.38 (27.45) | ||||
| 12 | 4.98 | 8.86 | 7.06 | -0.45 | 0.75 | 0.91 (75.67) | -0.66 | 0.32 | 0.34 (-34.07) | 0.48 (-6.86) | ||||
| 13 | 5.21 | 11.36 | 10.22 | -0.42 | 0.89 | 1.40 (79.71) | -0.65 | 0.38 | 0.52 (-33.66) | 0.70 (-10.63) | ||||
| 14 | 5.18 | 6.11 | 4.45 | -0.48 | 0.66 | 0.54 (83.02) | -0.75 | 0.27 | 0.18 (-37.72) | 0.30 (3.32) | ||||
| 15 | 9.10 | 15.48 | 9.89 | -0.74 | 0.41 | 0.73 (63.58) | -0.70 | 0.16 | 0.29 (-35.72) | 0.67 (51.41) | ||||
| 16 | 8.96 | 10.16 | 5.59 | -0.51 | 0.33 | 0.45 (60.04) | -0.56 | 0.15 | 0.20 (-29.78) | 0.38 (36.82) | ||||
| 17 | 7.58 | 16.85 | 15.40 | -0.35 | 0.92 | 2.25 (60.12) | -0.54 | 0.46 | 1.00 (-28.89) | 1.05 (-25.16) | ||||
| 18 | 9.78 | 17.04 | 11.73 | -0.58 | 0.45 | 0.96 (50.53) | -0.64 | 0.21 | 0.42 (-33.24) | 0.80 (26.07) | ||||
| 19 | 6.74 | 11.36 | 9.37 | -0.51 | 0.72 | 1.07 (56.12) | -0.56 | 0.33 | 0.48 (-29.78) | 0.64 (-6.95) | ||||
| Mean | 7.35 | 14.31 | 11.21 | -0.58 | 0.59 | 1.05 (55.97) | -0.60 | 0.26 | 0.48 (-31.41) | 0.76 (14.25) | ||||
| s.e.m. | 0.37 | 1.41 | 1.13 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.08 | ||||
Low (0-0.5 m s-1) and high (0.5-2.0 m s-1) velocity models refer to Vogel's E and CD,plan calculated at those ranges and force predicted at 1.9 m s-1 from those parameters using Eqn 2. FDR was calculated using Eqn 6. The percent errors were calculated as percent difference between the prediction and the drag measured at 1.9 m s-1.
For abbreviations, see List of symbols.