Epigenetic modifications associated with imprinted genes in the mouse genome
| Gene expression . | Modification . | Modifying enzyme or complex . |
|---|---|---|
| Modifications associated with repressed genes and/or pericentric and telomeric heterochromatin | De novo DNA methylation, i.e. CpG to meCpG | DNMT3A, DNMT3B, DNMT3L |
| DNA methylation of hemimethylated DNA | DNMT1, UHRF1 | |
| HP1 | ||
| H3K27me3 | PRC2 containing EED, EZH2 and SUZ12 | |
| H3K9me2 | G9A (KMT1C, EHMT2); functions as a heterodimer with GLP (KMT1D, EHMT1) | |
| H3K9me3 | SUV39H1 (KMT1A), SUV39H2 (KMT1B), ESET (KMT1E, SETDB1) | |
| H4K20me1 | PR-SET7 (KMT5A, SETD8) | |
| H4K20me3 | SUV4-20H1 (KMT5B), SUV4-20H2 (KMT5C) | |
| Modifications associated with expressed genes | H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 | Multiple lysine methyltransferases (KMT2A-G) |
| Acetyl groups at several lysines in the tail of histone H3 (K9, K14, K18, K23)and H4 (K5, K8, K16) | Multiple lysine acetyltransferases (KAT1-13) |
| Gene expression . | Modification . | Modifying enzyme or complex . |
|---|---|---|
| Modifications associated with repressed genes and/or pericentric and telomeric heterochromatin | De novo DNA methylation, i.e. CpG to meCpG | DNMT3A, DNMT3B, DNMT3L |
| DNA methylation of hemimethylated DNA | DNMT1, UHRF1 | |
| HP1 | ||
| H3K27me3 | PRC2 containing EED, EZH2 and SUZ12 | |
| H3K9me2 | G9A (KMT1C, EHMT2); functions as a heterodimer with GLP (KMT1D, EHMT1) | |
| H3K9me3 | SUV39H1 (KMT1A), SUV39H2 (KMT1B), ESET (KMT1E, SETDB1) | |
| H4K20me1 | PR-SET7 (KMT5A, SETD8) | |
| H4K20me3 | SUV4-20H1 (KMT5B), SUV4-20H2 (KMT5C) | |
| Modifications associated with expressed genes | H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 | Multiple lysine methyltransferases (KMT2A-G) |
| Acetyl groups at several lysines in the tail of histone H3 (K9, K14, K18, K23)and H4 (K5, K8, K16) | Multiple lysine acetyltransferases (KAT1-13) |
CpG, CG dinucleotide; DNMT, DNA methyltransferase; EED, embryonic ectoderm development; ESET, ERG-associated protein with a SET domain 7; EZH2, enhancer of zeste homolog 2; GLP, GATA-like protein 1; H3, histone 3; H4, histone 4;HP1, heterochromatin protein 1; K, lysine; KAT, lysine acetyltransferase; KMT,lysine methyltransferase; me2, dimethylation; me3, trimethylation; meCpG, methylated CG dinucleotide; PRC2, Polycomb repressor complex 2; PR-SET7, PR/SET domain-containing protein; SUV, suppressor of variegation;SUZ12, suppressor of zeste 12; UHRF1, ubiquitin-like containing PHD and RING finger domains 1. References: (Allis et al., 2007a; Allis et al.,2007b; Kouzarides,2007).