Results of analysis of variance and covariance on kinematic parameters of juvenile pectoral fin locomotion of Pomacentrus pavo, comparing synchronous and alternating gaits
| . | . | . | F ratio . | . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Synchronous . | Alternating . | ANOVA . | ANCOVA . | |
| Frequency (Hz) | 20.0±0.5 | 15.0±0.6 | 40.0** | 0.5 | |
| Amplitude (degrees) | 112.3±2.9 | 79.7±3.2 | 56.7** | 4.5* | |
| Phase lag (degrees) | 16.2±6.1 | 150.0±6.9 | 208.4** | a | |
| Reduced frequency (Hz) | 5.0±1.0 | 10.3±1.1 | 12.4* | a | |
| Advance ratio | 1.2±0.06 | 0.93±0.06 | 9.3* | 7.5* | |
| Reynolds number | 1368±134 | 1084±152 | 2.0 | a | |
| Forward displacement (cm) | 0.05±0.002 | 0.03±0.002 | 57.4** | 0.5 | |
| Yaw (cm) | 0.02±0.001 | 0.02±0.001 | 2.4 | a | |
| . | . | . | F ratio . | . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Synchronous . | Alternating . | ANOVA . | ANCOVA . | |
| Frequency (Hz) | 20.0±0.5 | 15.0±0.6 | 40.0** | 0.5 | |
| Amplitude (degrees) | 112.3±2.9 | 79.7±3.2 | 56.7** | 4.5* | |
| Phase lag (degrees) | 16.2±6.1 | 150.0±6.9 | 208.4** | a | |
| Reduced frequency (Hz) | 5.0±1.0 | 10.3±1.1 | 12.4* | a | |
| Advance ratio | 1.2±0.06 | 0.93±0.06 | 9.3* | 7.5* | |
| Reynolds number | 1368±134 | 1084±152 | 2.0 | a | |
| Forward displacement (cm) | 0.05±0.002 | 0.03±0.002 | 57.4** | 0.5 | |
| Yaw (cm) | 0.02±0.001 | 0.02±0.001 | 2.4 | a | |
Values are means ± s.e.m., N=3 fish, 48 trials (11 trials that included the gait transition were excluded from these comparisons).
a An ANCOVA was not computed because regression analysis is not valid for the distribution of the data or regression was not significant.
Significant P value by sequential Bonferroni criterion. Significant ANCOVA results were significant differences in slope of regression against speed.
P<0.0001.