The Company of Biologists

Table 1.

Kinematic variables from prey capture in six teleost species

							F-ratio^¹
Variables examined	Echidna nebulosa	Muraena retifera	Anguilla rostrata	Micropterus salmoides	Lepomis macrochirus	Amphilophus citrinellus	Morays vs Anguilla	Morays vs other species
Jaw rotation (deg.)	23.52±1.89	21.5193±1.74	8.18±0.67	40.1±0.99	39.85±1.03	37.29±1.29	0.886^*	0.167
Cranial elevation (deg.)	13.68±1.07	12.26±1.58	3.58±0.4	9.49±0.89	2.67±0.19	8±0.668	0.936^*	3.46
Hyoid displacement (cm)	0	0	0.41±0.02	1.25±0.23	0.71±0.27	0.37±0.37	NA	NA
Peak jaw excursion time (ms)	407.56±20.89	345.05±45.44	32±2.14	38.06±1.22	46.76±1.76	51.06±1.77	6.57^**	120.132^**
Peak head excursion time (ms)	417.72±20.82	355.7±46.08	43.7±2.37	44.7±1.44	28.33±2.31	36.8±2.92	5.71^**	186.94^**
Gape distance (dm)	0.920±0.04	1.07±0.08	0.88±0.36	2.63±0.04	1.68±0.03	1.36±0.04	NA	NA
Peak gape time (ms)	413.72±20.94	347.05±37.14	36.35±2.34	38.2±1.23	45.56±1.82	30.5±2.43	6.19^**	156.55^**
Jaw reversals	0.67±0.13	1.1±0.21	0	0	0	0	NA	NA
Head reversals	1±0.14	1.05±0.20	0	0	0	0	NA	NA
Capture time (ms)	512±32.13	476.55±57.42	42.3±2.88	38.2±1.23	46.06±1.76	29.6±2.49	5.93^**	189.16^**
Suction distance (cm)	0	0	1.13±0.11	1.51±0.08	1.11±0.052	0.58±0.033	NA	NA
Summed kinematic variance^²	3.75	5.09	1.16	0.67	0.54	0.98	NA	60.11^*
N	39	20	20	30	30	30

							F-ratio^¹
Variables examined	Echidna nebulosa	Muraena retifera	Anguilla rostrata	Micropterus salmoides	Lepomis macrochirus	Amphilophus citrinellus	Morays vs Anguilla	Morays vs other species
Jaw rotation (deg.)	23.52±1.89	21.5193±1.74	8.18±0.67	40.1±0.99	39.85±1.03	37.29±1.29	0.886^*	0.167
Cranial elevation (deg.)	13.68±1.07	12.26±1.58	3.58±0.4	9.49±0.89	2.67±0.19	8±0.668	0.936^*	3.46
Hyoid displacement (cm)	0	0	0.41±0.02	1.25±0.23	0.71±0.27	0.37±0.37	NA	NA
Peak jaw excursion time (ms)	407.56±20.89	345.05±45.44	32±2.14	38.06±1.22	46.76±1.76	51.06±1.77	6.57^**	120.132^**
Peak head excursion time (ms)	417.72±20.82	355.7±46.08	43.7±2.37	44.7±1.44	28.33±2.31	36.8±2.92	5.71^**	186.94^**
Gape distance (dm)	0.920±0.04	1.07±0.08	0.88±0.36	2.63±0.04	1.68±0.03	1.36±0.04	NA	NA
Peak gape time (ms)	413.72±20.94	347.05±37.14	36.35±2.34	38.2±1.23	45.56±1.82	30.5±2.43	6.19^**	156.55^**
Jaw reversals	0.67±0.13	1.1±0.21	0	0	0	0	NA	NA
Head reversals	1±0.14	1.05±0.20	0	0	0	0	NA	NA
Capture time (ms)	512±32.13	476.55±57.42	42.3±2.88	38.2±1.23	46.06±1.76	29.6±2.49	5.93^**	189.16^**
Suction distance (cm)	0	0	1.13±0.11	1.51±0.08	1.11±0.052	0.58±0.033	NA	NA
Summed kinematic variance^²	3.75	5.09	1.16	0.67	0.54	0.98	NA	60.11^*
N	39	20	20	30	30	30

Values are means ± s.e.m. NA, not applicable

Represents Bonferroni corrected level of significance at ^*P=0.05, ^**P=0.001

Summed kinematic variance is based on summed PC scores for individual fish