Ecological data, body, ocellus and eye measurements, and the acceptance angles and optical sensitivities of single ommatidia, in four species of honeybees of genus Apis
| . | Symbol . | A. mellifera . | A. cerana . | A. florea . | A. dorsata . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ecological data | |||||
| Temperature range (°C) | >117 | >10.51 | 18–431 | >151 | |
| Light intensity | Half-moon in some subspecies7 | Daylight | Daylight | Half-moon8 | |
| Body and eye measurements | |||||
| Intertegular width (mm) | 3.2 | 3.0±0.05 | 2.2±0.07 | 3.9±0.2 | |
| Tongue length (mm) | 5.8–7.13 | 4.53±0.012 | 3.41±0.022 | 6.14±0.042 | |
| Ocellus diameter (mm) | 0.274 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.38±0.02 | |
| Eye length (mm) | 2.64 | 2.1±0.1 | 1.7±0.05 | 2.8±0.1 | |
| Length of sensory hairs on the eyes (μm) | 2759 | 125±14 | 50±6 | 100±7 | |
| Facet number per eye | 54326 47525 | 5004 | 3484 | 6394 | |
| Max. ommatidial diameter (μm) | D | 205 | 24.5 | 19.5 | 29.5 |
| Corneal thickness (μm) | 27–384 | 27-35 | 25 | 46 | |
| Crystalline cone length (μm) | 55 | 50 | 36 | 55 | |
| Focal length (μm) | f | 665 | 84 | 79 | 104 |
| Distal rhabdom diameter (μm) | d | 2.05 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 3.2 |
| Acceptance angle (deg.) | Δρ | 1.75 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.8 |
| Rhabdom length (μm) | I | 3205 | 270 | 190 | 260 |
| Optical sensitivity to white light (μm2 sr) | S | 0.115 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.21 |
| . | Symbol . | A. mellifera . | A. cerana . | A. florea . | A. dorsata . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ecological data | |||||
| Temperature range (°C) | >117 | >10.51 | 18–431 | >151 | |
| Light intensity | Half-moon in some subspecies7 | Daylight | Daylight | Half-moon8 | |
| Body and eye measurements | |||||
| Intertegular width (mm) | 3.2 | 3.0±0.05 | 2.2±0.07 | 3.9±0.2 | |
| Tongue length (mm) | 5.8–7.13 | 4.53±0.012 | 3.41±0.022 | 6.14±0.042 | |
| Ocellus diameter (mm) | 0.274 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.38±0.02 | |
| Eye length (mm) | 2.64 | 2.1±0.1 | 1.7±0.05 | 2.8±0.1 | |
| Length of sensory hairs on the eyes (μm) | 2759 | 125±14 | 50±6 | 100±7 | |
| Facet number per eye | 54326 47525 | 5004 | 3484 | 6394 | |
| Max. ommatidial diameter (μm) | D | 205 | 24.5 | 19.5 | 29.5 |
| Corneal thickness (μm) | 27–384 | 27-35 | 25 | 46 | |
| Crystalline cone length (μm) | 55 | 50 | 36 | 55 | |
| Focal length (μm) | f | 665 | 84 | 79 | 104 |
| Distal rhabdom diameter (μm) | d | 2.05 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 3.2 |
| Acceptance angle (deg.) | Δρ | 1.75 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.8 |
| Rhabdom length (μm) | I | 3205 | 270 | 190 | 260 |
| Optical sensitivity to white light (μm2 sr) | S | 0.115 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.21 |
Data that were not obtained in this study are from 1Corlett, 2004; 2Oldroyd et al.,1992; 3Böttcher,1977; 4Ribi et al.,1989; 5Greiner et al., 2004a; 6Seidl and Kaiser, 1981; 7Fletcher, 1978 on A. m. adansonii; 8Dyer,1985; 9Neese,1965. The acceptance angle Δρ was calculated from the ratio of the distal rhabdom diameter d to the focal length f, and optical sensitivity S was calculated using Eqn 2