Real-time PCR primers
| Gene . | Forward primer (5′–3′) . | Reverse primer (5′–3′) . |
|---|---|---|
| PGC-1α1 | atggcgtgggacaggtgta | tgattggtcactgtaccacttgag |
| PGC-1β2 | tggggaagaggaggtctgc | ccgtccaggctgtctgtg |
| PRC3 | cagttatgagcaggtggaca | tctcgcctctatctgaatgg |
| PPARα4 | gagcccaagtttcagtttgc | ggaagaggaactcgttgtcg |
| PPARβ5 | tggctttgtggatctcttcc | gatctcgctgaaaggtttgc |
| NRF-16 | aggccctgaggactatcgtt | gctccagtgccaacctgtat |
| CS7 | atggacttgatcgccaagc | ccaccctcatggtcactgt |
| COX IV8 | agggatcctggctgcact | tcaaaggtatgggggacatc |
| COX I9 | gtgcctgagccggaatagt | tcagtttccgaatcctccaat |
| MCAD10 | caatggtcagaaaatgtggat | ggcccatgtttaattccttt |
| FAS11 | ccaacacctcagtgcagttc | ggaacgtcacaccttgctc |
| EF-1α12 | atgcggtggaatcgacaa | cagagagcaatgtcaatggtg |
| Gene . | Forward primer (5′–3′) . | Reverse primer (5′–3′) . |
|---|---|---|
| PGC-1α1 | atggcgtgggacaggtgta | tgattggtcactgtaccacttgag |
| PGC-1β2 | tggggaagaggaggtctgc | ccgtccaggctgtctgtg |
| PRC3 | cagttatgagcaggtggaca | tctcgcctctatctgaatgg |
| PPARα4 | gagcccaagtttcagtttgc | ggaagaggaactcgttgtcg |
| PPARβ5 | tggctttgtggatctcttcc | gatctcgctgaaaggtttgc |
| NRF-16 | aggccctgaggactatcgtt | gctccagtgccaacctgtat |
| CS7 | atggacttgatcgccaagc | ccaccctcatggtcactgt |
| COX IV8 | agggatcctggctgcact | tcaaaggtatgggggacatc |
| COX I9 | gtgcctgagccggaatagt | tcagtttccgaatcctccaat |
| MCAD10 | caatggtcagaaaatgtggat | ggcccatgtttaattccttt |
| FAS11 | ccaacacctcagtgcagttc | ggaacgtcacaccttgctc |
| EF-1α12 | atgcggtggaatcgacaa | cagagagcaatgtcaatggtg |
Gene-specific primers were designed on goldfish or consensus sequences. CS,citrate synthase; COX, cytochrome oxidase; EF-1α, elongation factor-1α; FAS, fatty acid synthase; MCAD, medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase; NRF-1, nuclear respiratory factor-1; PPAR, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor; PGC-1, PPARγ coactivator-1; PRC,PGC-1-related coactivator. GenBank accession numbers: 1EU426842,XM678107; 2EU426839, XM678566; 3EU426841, XM001338200,CAAB01000022.1, CA371089; 4AY198322, AM230808, AY590299; 5AY894894, AF342937, AJ416953, AY590301, AY356399; 6AF087671; 7BC045362, DQ059757, AY382596; 8EU426840; 9AB111951, DQ656543, NC001606, AY996924; 10NM213010, NM016986, NM000016; 11XM682295, NM007988,NM004104, NM205155; and 12AB056104, NM1312