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Table 1.

Mean percentages (± s.e.m.) of the 42 volatile components found in the venom of 20 P. dominulus workers (w.1 + w.2) and 17 P. dominulus foundresses (f.1 + f.2)

NCompoundMrWorker (N=20)Foundress (N=17)
1 Unidentified  0.27±0.15 0.00±0.00 
2 (E)-4,8-Dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene 150 0.77±0.26 0.65±0.23 
3 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-yl acetate 170 2.17±0.58 1.72±0.40 
4 (E,E)-2,8-Dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro(5.5)undecane 184 6.49±1.60 1.55±0.48 
5 N-(3-Methylbutyl)acetamide 129 17.49±2.40 31.74±4.05 
6 2-Ethyl-7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro(4.5)decane 184 1.30±0.24 0.53±0.31 
7 2-Ethyl-7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro(4.5)decane 184 0.38±0.15 0.00±0.00 
8 2-Methyl-7-ethyl-1,6-diaxospiro(4.5)decane 184 0.02±0.02 0.00±0.00 
9 Unidentified  0.13±0.08 0.03±0.02 
10 (E,Z)-2,8-Dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro(5.5)undecane 184 0.17±0.07 0.01±0.01 
11 N-(3-Methylbutyl)propanamide 143 0.24±0.20 0.00±0.00 
12 Unidentified  0.24±0.06 0.16±0.06 
13 2-Nonanyl acetate 186 6.44±1.47 2.94±0.38 
14 Spiroacetal  0.04±0.03 0.00±0.00 
15 Undecen-2-ol 170 0.16±0.06 0.06±0.03 
16 2-Undecanone 170 0.12±0.06 0.17±0.07 
17 2-Undecanol 172 1.96±0.37 1.77±0.29 
18 Unidentified  0.10±0.06 0.00±0.00 
19 Unidentified  0.08±0.03 0.01±0.01 
20 Unidentified  0.00±0.00 0.01±0.01 
21 Unidentified  0.05±0.02 0.00±0.00 
22 Unidentified  0.06±0.02 0.06±0.03 
23 Unidentified  0.02±0.02 0.03±0.02 
24 Unidentified  0.08±0.03 0.27±0.07 
25 Unidentified  0.15±0.04 0.17±0.04 
26 Unidentified  0.11±0.04 0.16±0.05 
27 Unidentified  0.32±0.04 0.58±0.09 
28 Unidentified  0.10±0.03 0.06±0.02 
29 2-Undecenyl acetate 212 10.92±1.10 6.33±0.60 
30 2-Undecanyl acetate 214 19.04±2.37 19.46±1.46 
31 6,10-Dimethyl-(E)-5,9-undecadien-2-one (geranyl acetone) 194 3.25±0.47 3.54±0.72 
32 Unidentified  0.08±0.04 0.05±0.02 
33 Unidentified  0.12±0.05 0.06±0.02 
34 6,10-Dimethyl-(Z)-5,9-undecadien-2-yl acetate[(Z)-5-tangerinol] 238 0.54±0.13 1.46±0.13 
35 6,10-Dimethyl-(E)-5,9-undecadien-2-yl acetate[(E)-5-tangerinol] 238 12.79±1.14 21.69±3.01 
36 2-Tridecenyl acetate isomer A 240 1.35±0.20 0.60±0.08 
37 2-Tridecenyl acetate isomer B 240 0.85±0.10 0.46±0.05 
38 2-Tridecanyl acetate 242 1.52±0.20 0.78±0.10 
39 Unidentified  0.37±0.21 0.03±0.02 
40 Unidentified  0.10±0.08 0.33±0.08 
41 2-Pentadecanyl acetate 270 0.28±0.05 0.10±0.03 
42 3,7,11-Trimethyl-(E)6,(E)10-dodecatrien-2-yl acetate[(E,E)-farnesyl acetate] 264 9.36±2.31 2.42±0.52 
NCompoundMrWorker (N=20)Foundress (N=17)
1 Unidentified  0.27±0.15 0.00±0.00 
2 (E)-4,8-Dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene 150 0.77±0.26 0.65±0.23 
3 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-yl acetate 170 2.17±0.58 1.72±0.40 
4 (E,E)-2,8-Dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro(5.5)undecane 184 6.49±1.60 1.55±0.48 
5 N-(3-Methylbutyl)acetamide 129 17.49±2.40 31.74±4.05 
6 2-Ethyl-7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro(4.5)decane 184 1.30±0.24 0.53±0.31 
7 2-Ethyl-7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro(4.5)decane 184 0.38±0.15 0.00±0.00 
8 2-Methyl-7-ethyl-1,6-diaxospiro(4.5)decane 184 0.02±0.02 0.00±0.00 
9 Unidentified  0.13±0.08 0.03±0.02 
10 (E,Z)-2,8-Dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro(5.5)undecane 184 0.17±0.07 0.01±0.01 
11 N-(3-Methylbutyl)propanamide 143 0.24±0.20 0.00±0.00 
12 Unidentified  0.24±0.06 0.16±0.06 
13 2-Nonanyl acetate 186 6.44±1.47 2.94±0.38 
14 Spiroacetal  0.04±0.03 0.00±0.00 
15 Undecen-2-ol 170 0.16±0.06 0.06±0.03 
16 2-Undecanone 170 0.12±0.06 0.17±0.07 
17 2-Undecanol 172 1.96±0.37 1.77±0.29 
18 Unidentified  0.10±0.06 0.00±0.00 
19 Unidentified  0.08±0.03 0.01±0.01 
20 Unidentified  0.00±0.00 0.01±0.01 
21 Unidentified  0.05±0.02 0.00±0.00 
22 Unidentified  0.06±0.02 0.06±0.03 
23 Unidentified  0.02±0.02 0.03±0.02 
24 Unidentified  0.08±0.03 0.27±0.07 
25 Unidentified  0.15±0.04 0.17±0.04 
26 Unidentified  0.11±0.04 0.16±0.05 
27 Unidentified  0.32±0.04 0.58±0.09 
28 Unidentified  0.10±0.03 0.06±0.02 
29 2-Undecenyl acetate 212 10.92±1.10 6.33±0.60 
30 2-Undecanyl acetate 214 19.04±2.37 19.46±1.46 
31 6,10-Dimethyl-(E)-5,9-undecadien-2-one (geranyl acetone) 194 3.25±0.47 3.54±0.72 
32 Unidentified  0.08±0.04 0.05±0.02 
33 Unidentified  0.12±0.05 0.06±0.02 
34 6,10-Dimethyl-(Z)-5,9-undecadien-2-yl acetate[(Z)-5-tangerinol] 238 0.54±0.13 1.46±0.13 
35 6,10-Dimethyl-(E)-5,9-undecadien-2-yl acetate[(E)-5-tangerinol] 238 12.79±1.14 21.69±3.01 
36 2-Tridecenyl acetate isomer A 240 1.35±0.20 0.60±0.08 
37 2-Tridecenyl acetate isomer B 240 0.85±0.10 0.46±0.05 
38 2-Tridecanyl acetate 242 1.52±0.20 0.78±0.10 
39 Unidentified  0.37±0.21 0.03±0.02 
40 Unidentified  0.10±0.08 0.33±0.08 
41 2-Pentadecanyl acetate 270 0.28±0.05 0.10±0.03 
42 3,7,11-Trimethyl-(E)6,(E)10-dodecatrien-2-yl acetate[(E,E)-farnesyl acetate] 264 9.36±2.31 2.42±0.52 

Mr, relative molecular masses of the compounds identified. Following established criteria (see Materials and methods), the 19 compounds in bold were included in the discriminant analysis performed on all workers (N=20) versus all foundresses (N=17)

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