Functions of APC
| Cellular processes . | Effects by wild-type APC . | Effects by loss of APC or truncated APC . | APC domains . | APC functions . | Binding proteins . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The canonical Wnt signal transcription | Inhibition | Activation (loss) | Armadillo repeats; 15- or 20-aa repeats | Stimulation of phosphorylation and degradation of β-catenin | β-catenin, GSK3β, Axin | Korinek et al., 1997; Morin et al., 1997 |
| Inhibition | Activation (loss) | Armadillo repeats; 15- or 20-aa repeats | Export of β-catenin from the nucleus | β-catenin | Henderson and Fagotto, 2002; Neufeld et al., 2000; Rosin-Arbesfeld et al., 2003 | |
| Inhibition | Activation (loss) | Armadillo repeats; 15- or 20-aa repeats | Keeping β-catenin from the interaction with TCF | β-catenin | Neufeld et al., 2000; Rosin-Arbesfeld et al., 2003 | |
| Inhibition | Activation (loss) | 15-aa repeats | Recruitment of repression complex to the transcriptional machinery | CtBP | Hamada and Binez, 2004; Sierra et al., 2006 | |
| Cell adhesion | Stimulation | Weaken (loss) | Armadillo repeats; 15- or 20-aa repeats | Control of β-catenin distribution between in the nucleus/cytoplasm and the plasma membrane | β-catenin | Faux et al., 2004; Klingelhofer et al., 2003 |
| Stimulation | Weaken (loss) | Armadillo repeats; 15- or 20-aa repeats | Increase in E-cadherin levels at the plasma membrane | β-catenin | Faux et al., 2004 | |
| Cell migration | Stimulation | Stronger stimulation (truncated) | Armadillo repeats | Activation of Asef1 and Asef2; Activation of Cdc42 | Asef1 and Asef2 | Hamann et al., 2007; Kawasaki et al., 2003; Kawasaki et al., 2000; Mahmoud et al., 1997; Oshima et al., 1997; Wong et al., 1996 |
| Stimulation | Inhibition (loss) | Armadillo repeats | Recruitment of IQGAP1 and CLIP-170; Formation of a complex with IQGAP1, CLIP-170, and activated Rac1 and Cdc42; Formation of actin meshwork | IQGAP1 | Watanabe et al., 2004 | |
| Stimulation | EB1-binding domain | Functions downstream of Rho and mDia; Stabilization and polymerization of microtubules | EB1 | Wen et al., 2004 | ||
| Chromosomal segregation | Proper segregation | Mis-segregation (loss) | Basic domain | Regulation of kinetochore functions | Microtubules | Dikovskaya et al., 2007; Fodde et al., 2001; Kaplan et al., 2001 |
| Proper segregation | Mis-segregation (loss) | Armadillo repeats; 15- or 20-aa repeats | Inhibition of apoptosis at the G2/M checkpoint through Wnt signaling | β-catenin | Aoki et al., 2007; Hadjihannas et al., 2006 | |
| Proper segregation | Dominant negative (truncated) | Not determined | Regulation of kinetochore functions | Not determined | Tighe et al., 2004; Tighe et al., 2001 |
| Cellular processes . | Effects by wild-type APC . | Effects by loss of APC or truncated APC . | APC domains . | APC functions . | Binding proteins . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The canonical Wnt signal transcription | Inhibition | Activation (loss) | Armadillo repeats; 15- or 20-aa repeats | Stimulation of phosphorylation and degradation of β-catenin | β-catenin, GSK3β, Axin | Korinek et al., 1997; Morin et al., 1997 |
| Inhibition | Activation (loss) | Armadillo repeats; 15- or 20-aa repeats | Export of β-catenin from the nucleus | β-catenin | Henderson and Fagotto, 2002; Neufeld et al., 2000; Rosin-Arbesfeld et al., 2003 | |
| Inhibition | Activation (loss) | Armadillo repeats; 15- or 20-aa repeats | Keeping β-catenin from the interaction with TCF | β-catenin | Neufeld et al., 2000; Rosin-Arbesfeld et al., 2003 | |
| Inhibition | Activation (loss) | 15-aa repeats | Recruitment of repression complex to the transcriptional machinery | CtBP | Hamada and Binez, 2004; Sierra et al., 2006 | |
| Cell adhesion | Stimulation | Weaken (loss) | Armadillo repeats; 15- or 20-aa repeats | Control of β-catenin distribution between in the nucleus/cytoplasm and the plasma membrane | β-catenin | Faux et al., 2004; Klingelhofer et al., 2003 |
| Stimulation | Weaken (loss) | Armadillo repeats; 15- or 20-aa repeats | Increase in E-cadherin levels at the plasma membrane | β-catenin | Faux et al., 2004 | |
| Cell migration | Stimulation | Stronger stimulation (truncated) | Armadillo repeats | Activation of Asef1 and Asef2; Activation of Cdc42 | Asef1 and Asef2 | Hamann et al., 2007; Kawasaki et al., 2003; Kawasaki et al., 2000; Mahmoud et al., 1997; Oshima et al., 1997; Wong et al., 1996 |
| Stimulation | Inhibition (loss) | Armadillo repeats | Recruitment of IQGAP1 and CLIP-170; Formation of a complex with IQGAP1, CLIP-170, and activated Rac1 and Cdc42; Formation of actin meshwork | IQGAP1 | Watanabe et al., 2004 | |
| Stimulation | EB1-binding domain | Functions downstream of Rho and mDia; Stabilization and polymerization of microtubules | EB1 | Wen et al., 2004 | ||
| Chromosomal segregation | Proper segregation | Mis-segregation (loss) | Basic domain | Regulation of kinetochore functions | Microtubules | Dikovskaya et al., 2007; Fodde et al., 2001; Kaplan et al., 2001 |
| Proper segregation | Mis-segregation (loss) | Armadillo repeats; 15- or 20-aa repeats | Inhibition of apoptosis at the G2/M checkpoint through Wnt signaling | β-catenin | Aoki et al., 2007; Hadjihannas et al., 2006 | |
| Proper segregation | Dominant negative (truncated) | Not determined | Regulation of kinetochore functions | Not determined | Tighe et al., 2004; Tighe et al., 2001 |