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Table 1.

Typical RER values and conventionally assumed thermal equivalents of gas exchanges for major classes of metabolic substrates

	Lipid^*	Carbohydrate^*	Protein (mammals)^*	Protein (birds)†
RER	0.71	1.00	0.81	0.74
h_CO₂ (kJ l⁻¹)	27.8	21.1	23.8	25.4
h_O₂ (kJ l⁻¹)	19.8	21.1	19.2	18.7

	Lipid^*	Carbohydrate^*	Protein (mammals)^*	Protein (birds)†
RER	0.71	1.00	0.81	0.74
h_CO₂ (kJ l⁻¹)	27.8	21.1	23.8	25.4
h_O₂ (kJ l⁻¹)	19.8	21.1	19.2	18.7

Values taken from ^*Brouwer(1957); †King(1957).