Summary of protective properties of osmolytes through metabolic reactions
| Cytoprotective property . | Compatible solutes in nature . |
|---|---|
| Antioxidation | Hypotaurine; DMSP; polyols (e.g. water-stressed plant) |
| Redox balancing, hypoxia | Proline, β-alanine betaine, glycerol (e.g. Dunaliella alga) |
| Sulphide detoxification/storage | Hypotaurine (e.g. hydrothermal vent tubeworm, Riftia) |
| Sulphate detoxification | Choline-O-sulphate (e.g. mangrove plant) |
| Energy reserve | Glucose, trehalose, etc. (e.g. frozen wood frog) |
| Predator repellent | DMSP, trans-hydroxyprolinebetaine (e.g. diatom) |
| Ca2+ modulation | Taurine? (e.g. mammalian neuron) |
| Cytoprotective property . | Compatible solutes in nature . |
|---|---|
| Antioxidation | Hypotaurine; DMSP; polyols (e.g. water-stressed plant) |
| Redox balancing, hypoxia | Proline, β-alanine betaine, glycerol (e.g. Dunaliella alga) |
| Sulphide detoxification/storage | Hypotaurine (e.g. hydrothermal vent tubeworm, Riftia) |
| Sulphate detoxification | Choline-O-sulphate (e.g. mangrove plant) |
| Energy reserve | Glucose, trehalose, etc. (e.g. frozen wood frog) |
| Predator repellent | DMSP, trans-hydroxyprolinebetaine (e.g. diatom) |
| Ca2+ modulation | Taurine? (e.g. mammalian neuron) |