Source parameters from wild and trained Grampus andPseudorca with maximum values from trained Tursiops for comparison
| . | Grampus . | . | Pseudorca . | . | Tursiops . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters . | Wild . | Trained . | Wild . | Trained . | Trained . | ||
| SLpp (dB re. 1 μPa, pp) | 220 (202—222) | 200 (170—216) | 220 (201—225) | 220 (155—225) | 225 | ||
| SLrms (dB re. 1 μPa, rms) | 207 (190—210) | NA | 208 (190—215) | NA | 210 | ||
| SLE (dB re. 1 μPa2 s) | 164 (147—166) | NA | 163 (145—168) | NA | 167 | ||
| τ (μ) | 40 (30—75) | 50 (40—70) | 30 (18—55) | 30—50 | 50 | ||
| f0 (kHz) | 75 (58—91) | 57 (53—83) | 49 (33—68) | NA | 100 | ||
| fp (kHz) | 49 (42—110) | 48 (27—104) | 40 (26—79) | 30—125 | 115 | ||
| RMS-BW (kHz) | 25 (19—31) | 25 | 20 (12—29) | NA | 25 | ||
| —3 dB BW (kHz) | 27 (15—84) | 40 (30—84) | 35 (15—76) | 5—80 | 50 | ||
| —10 dB BW (kHz) | 66 (20—124) | 100 | 63 (39—89) | NA | 60 | ||
| . | Grampus . | . | Pseudorca . | . | Tursiops . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters . | Wild . | Trained . | Wild . | Trained . | Trained . | ||
| SLpp (dB re. 1 μPa, pp) | 220 (202—222) | 200 (170—216) | 220 (201—225) | 220 (155—225) | 225 | ||
| SLrms (dB re. 1 μPa, rms) | 207 (190—210) | NA | 208 (190—215) | NA | 210 | ||
| SLE (dB re. 1 μPa2 s) | 164 (147—166) | NA | 163 (145—168) | NA | 167 | ||
| τ (μ) | 40 (30—75) | 50 (40—70) | 30 (18—55) | 30—50 | 50 | ||
| f0 (kHz) | 75 (58—91) | 57 (53—83) | 49 (33—68) | NA | 100 | ||
| fp (kHz) | 49 (42—110) | 48 (27—104) | 40 (26—79) | 30—125 | 115 | ||
| RMS-BW (kHz) | 25 (19—31) | 25 | 20 (12—29) | NA | 25 | ||
| —3 dB BW (kHz) | 27 (15—84) | 40 (30—84) | 35 (15—76) | 5—80 | 50 | ||
| —10 dB BW (kHz) | 66 (20—124) | 100 | 63 (39—89) | NA | 60 | ||
Values give range. NA, not available.
SL, source level; pp, peak to peak; rms, root mean square; E, energy flux density; τ, signal duration; f0, centroid frequency; fp, peak frequency; RMS-BW, rms bandwidth.
Data for the trained Grampus are from Philips et al.(2003).
Data for the trained Pseudorcas are from Thomas et al.(1988a), Thomas and Turl(1990), Brill et al.(1992) and Au et al.(1995).
Data for Tursiops are from Au(1993).