The Company of Biologists

Table 1.

Scaling with body mass, m

	y=am^b
Dependent variable, y	a	b	L₁	L₂	b_o	r²
Morphometrics (N=25)
d_rest (m)	−0.4	0.40^*	0.36	0.44	0.33	0.94
h_rest (m)	−1.5	0.27^*	0.23	0.31	0.33	0.87
h_rest/d_rest	−1.1	−0.16^*	−0.19	−0.12	0	0.73
s_rest	−0.9	0.80^*	0.72	0.89	0.66	0.94
l (m)	−1.0	0.43^*	0.36	0.50	0.33	0.84
Kinematics (N=25)
f (Hz)	−1.0	−0.35^*	−0.41	−0.29	0	0.83
q	−0.63	−0.11^*	−0.15	−0.06	0	0.02
d_range (m)	−0.80	0.42^*	0.36	0.49	0.33	0.87
h_range (m)	−1.2	0.38	0.30	0.46	0.33	0.66
θ_range (rad)	0.98	0.29^*	0.17	0.42	0	0.03
Hydrodynamics (N=25) (jet model)
D_max (N)	−2.2	0.76^*	0.68	1.1	1.33	0.74
T_max (N)	−0.22	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.33	0.84
A_max (N)	−0.50	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.33	0.87
Performance (N=18)
U (m s⁻¹)	−1.4	0.17^*	0.10	0.24	0.33	0.53
T_HCOT (J kg⁻¹ m⁻¹)	−3.2	−0.60^*	−0.92	−0.31	0.05

	y=am^b
Dependent variable, y	a	b	L₁	L₂	b_o	r²
Morphometrics (N=25)
d_rest (m)	−0.4	0.40^*	0.36	0.44	0.33	0.94
h_rest (m)	−1.5	0.27^*	0.23	0.31	0.33	0.87
h_rest/d_rest	−1.1	−0.16^*	−0.19	−0.12	0	0.73
s_rest	−0.9	0.80^*	0.72	0.89	0.66	0.94
l (m)	−1.0	0.43^*	0.36	0.50	0.33	0.84
Kinematics (N=25)
f (Hz)	−1.0	−0.35^*	−0.41	−0.29	0	0.83
q	−0.63	−0.11^*	−0.15	−0.06	0	0.02
d_range (m)	−0.80	0.42^*	0.36	0.49	0.33	0.87
h_range (m)	−1.2	0.38	0.30	0.46	0.33	0.66
θ_range (rad)	0.98	0.29^*	0.17	0.42	0	0.03
Hydrodynamics (N=25) (jet model)
D_max (N)	−2.2	0.76^*	0.68	1.1	1.33	0.74
T_max (N)	−0.22	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.33	0.84
A_max (N)	−0.50	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.33	0.87
Performance (N=18)
U (m s⁻¹)	−1.4	0.17^*	0.10	0.24	0.33	0.53
T_HCOT (J kg⁻¹ m⁻¹)	−3.2	−0.60^*	−0.92	−0.31	0.05

a, scaling constant; b, scaling exponent (asterisks denote significant difference from b_o); L₁ lower limit of 95% confidence interval; L₂ upper limit of 95% confidence interval; b_o, null hypothesis; d_rest, resting bell diameter; h_rest, resting bell height; s_rest, projected area of the bell at rest; l,length of the bell margin; f, pulse frequency; q, duty factor; d_range, range of bell diameter; h_range, range of bell height; θ_range,range of margin angle; D_max, maximum drag; T_max maximum thrust; A_max maximum acceleration reaction; U, swimming speed; T_HCOT,hydrodynamic cost of transport.

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