Fig. 1. CFH increases cytotoxicity and reduces viability of cells within transwell kidney organoids via ROS. (A) Schematic outline of the protocol for differentiating iPSCs into kidney organoids on transwell dishes and a brightfield image of the whole kidney organoids at day 25 (i), with a high-... More about this image found in CFH increases cytotoxicity and reduces viability of cells within transwell ...

Fig. 2. CFH increases cytotoxicity and reduces viability of cells within 3D human kidney organoids via ROS. (A) Schematic of human kidney organoid differentiation growth according to the 3D bioreactor protocol. Created with BioRender.com and PowerPoint. (B) The 3D kidney organoids stained for ... More about this image found in CFH increases cytotoxicity and reduces viability of cells within 3D human k...

Fig. 3. Kidney organoids treated with CFH have endothelial cell atrophy, loss of tubular cell-cell junctions and swollen mitochondria. (A) Representative transmission electron microscopy images of endothelial cells (i), tubules (ii) and mitochondria (iii) in human kidney organoids treated with o... More about this image found in Kidney organoids treated with CFH have endothelial cell atrophy, loss of tu...

Fig. 4. Bulk RNA sequencing reveals increase in cytokine- and fibrosis-related genes as well as upregulation of inflammatory pathways in CFH-treated organoids. (A) Volcano plot showing the differential expression of genes associated with injury in CFH-treated organoids compared to that in contro... More about this image found in Bulk RNA sequencing reveals increase in cytokine- and fibrosis-related gene...

Fig. 5. Ascorbate improves viability and reduces apoptosis triggered by CFH treatment in kidney organoids. (A) Transwell organoids were treated at day 19 for 48 h with either CFH (1 mg/ml), CFH and acetaminophen (APAP; 1000 nM), or CFH and ascorbate (AA; 200 nM). (B) Brightfield images of the co... More about this image found in Ascorbate improves viability and reduces apoptosis triggered by CFH treatme...

Fig. 6. CFH treatment induces cytokine release that was altered after co-treatment with APAP and AA. (A) Cytokine array analysis of culture media collected from dishes containing human kidney organoids from the following 48 h treatment groups: (i) untreated control, (ii) CFH, (iii) CFH and APAP ... More about this image found in CFH treatment induces cytokine release that was altered after co-treatment ...

Fig. 7. AA reduces mitochondrial damage in CFH-treated human kidney organoids. (A) Immunostaining with mitochondrial marker COX-IV (red) showing segmented mitochondria (white arrows) within a tubule segment of CFH-treated transwell organoids co-stained with DRAQ5 to mark the nuclei (blue; n =3 ... More about this image found in AA reduces mitochondrial damage in CFH-treated human kidney organoids. (A)...

Fig. 8. AA improves endothelial cell marker expression in CFH-treated human kidney organoids. (A) Immunostaining of the endothelial cell marker CDH5 (red) and the proximal tubule marker LTL (green). Scale bars: 300 μm. (B) Quantification of the images for CDH5-positive areas compared to total or... More about this image found in AA improves endothelial cell marker expression in CFH-treated human kidney ...

Fig. 2. Generation and characterization of GNAT2-EGFP retinal organoids (ROs). (A) Overview of the RO differentiation protocol. D, day; MM, maintenance medium; RA, retinoic acid; RPE, retinal pigment epithelium. (B) Representative phase-contrast images of GNAT2-EGFP ROs at day (d)6, d29, d69, d1... More about this image found in Generation and characterization of GNAT2-EGFP retinal organoids (ROs). (A)...