... , and the primarily fruit-eating Carollia perspicillata . These ecologically distinct species employ different flight behaviors but possess similar wing aspect ratio, wing loading and body mass. Because propulsive requirements usually correlate with body size, and aEMG likely reflects force, we hypothesized...

... structures found on the halteres, campaniform sensilla, are also present on wings, suggesting that the wings can encode information about flight dynamics. We show that the neurons innervating these sensilla on the forewings of M. sexta exhibit spike-timing precision comparable to that seen in previous...

...Michael H. Dickinson ABSTRACT The downstroke-to-upstroke transition of many insects is characterized by rapid wing rotation. The aerodynamic consequences of these rapid changes in angle of attack have been investigated using a mechanical model dynamically scaled to the Reynolds number appropriate...

...Michael H. Dickinson; Fritz-Olaf Lehmann; Karl G. Götz ABSTRACT This paper investigates the temporal control of a fast wing rotation in flies, the ventral flip , which occurs during the transition from downstroke to upstroke. Tethered flying Drosophila actively modulate the timing of these rapid...

...Robin J. Wootton ABSTRACT Insect wings are mounted on hinges, restricting the extent to which their bases can be supinated for the upstroke. The forewings of many insects therefore include devices that allow the distal part of the wing to twist relative to the base under aerodynamic loading...

...Michael H. Dickinson; Karl G. Götz ABSTRACT The synthesis of a comprehensive theory of force production in insect flight is hindered in part by the lack of precise knowledge of unsteady forces produced by wings. Data are especially sparse in the intermediate Reynolds number regime (10< Re...

...Albert Craig; Jacques Larochelle ABSTRACT The rate of heat loss through the stretched wings ( Ḣ wings ) was studied in resting pigeons preheated to a body temperature (43.7°C) within the range of those recorded during flight. The experimental system was designed to allow the calculation of Ḣ wings...

... the varied patterns of ‘natural’ flight. Kinematic parameters in representative sequences of selected flight modes were calculated and compared, and wing shapes were characterized using aspect ratio and non-dimensional moment parameters. The analyses and field observations of these and other butterflies...

...D. J. S. Newman; R. J. Wootton ABSTRACT A structural engineering approach to the pleated wings of Odonata has been developed during a functional study of wing morphology in the group. The wing can be regarded as a folded plate structure within which each pleat-side acts as a deep plate-girder...