... , and the primarily fruit-eating Carollia perspicillata . These ecologically distinct species employ different flight behaviors but possess similar wing aspect ratio, wing loading and body mass. Because propulsive requirements usually correlate with body size, and aEMG likely reflects force, we hypothesized...

... structures found on the halteres, campaniform sensilla, are also present on wings, suggesting that the wings can encode information about flight dynamics. We show that the neurons innervating these sensilla on the forewings of M. sexta exhibit spike-timing precision comparable to that seen in previous...

...Albert Craig; Jacques Larochelle ABSTRACT The rate of heat loss through the stretched wings ( Ḣ wings ) was studied in resting pigeons preheated to a body temperature (43.7°C) within the range of those recorded during flight. The experimental system was designed to allow the calculation of Ḣ wings...

... the varied patterns of ‘natural’ flight. Kinematic parameters in representative sequences of selected flight modes were calculated and compared, and wing shapes were characterized using aspect ratio and non-dimensional moment parameters. The analyses and field observations of these and other butterflies...

...D. J. S. Newman; R. J. Wootton ABSTRACT A structural engineering approach to the pleated wings of Odonata has been developed during a functional study of wing morphology in the group. The wing can be regarded as a folded plate structure within which each pleat-side acts as a deep plate-girder...