... ( Rissa tridactyla ). Biopsied kittiwakes showed similar reproductive success and subsequent over-winter survival to non-biopsied kittiwakes, suggesting that our study method did not greatly impact foraging ability. Muscle fibre diameter was negatively associated with wing beat frequency, likely because...

...% of optimized control fiber power. IFI-EC flies altered their aerodynamic flight characteristics to better match optimal fiber power generation conditions as wing beat frequency decreased and wing stroke amplitude increased. This enabled flight in spite of the drastic changes to fiber mechanical performance...

.... * Author for correspondence (e-mail: dalford@duke.edu ) 8 11 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 design in nature animal locomotion optimality theory optimal speed maximum range speed optimal frequency stride frequency wing beat frequency Strouhal number force...

...J. J. Oertli ABSTRACT In 24 species of temperate-zone beetles thoracic temperatures ( T th ), and wing beat frequency ( n ) were measured over a range of ambient temperatures (T a ) during take-off flight. The sensitivity of wing beat frequency to thoracic temperature varied greatly in different...