... on individual not repeated wave forces, and reality. Nonetheless, the degree to which fatigue breaks seaweeds on wave-swept shores remains unknown. Here, we developed a model of fatigue breakage due to wave-induced forces for the macroalga Mazzaella flaccida . To test model performance, we made extensive...

... slightly above and below a value of 1. * e-mail: [email protected] 02 10 1997 © 1997 The Company of Biologists Ltd. 1997 kelp Nereocystis luetkeana wave forces hydrodynamic forces Wave-swept rocky shores support a surprisingly diverse assemblage...

... a relatively greater chance of surviving wave forces. For instance, the giant kelp N. luetkeana has only one stipe per holdfast, in contrast to M. pyrifera in which tens of stipes may grow from a single holdfast. This scenario would suggest that owing to a lowered rate of entanglement, N. luetkeana could...