... with velocity in a pattern similar to the ‘humps’ and ‘hollows’ for wave drag experienced by bodies moving at the water surface. Metabolic rate increased linearly during running. Over equivalent velocities, the metabolic rate for running was 13–40 % greater than for swimming. The minimum cost of transport...

... of Biologists Limited 1995 hydroplaning ducklings wave drag swimming kinematics mallard Anas platyrhynchos To survive, designated prey can fight, hide or flee ( Weihs and Webb, 1983 ; Feder and Lauder, 1986 ). To flee in open water, adult mallard ducks ( Anas platyrhynchos ) are capable...