...Negin Fallah; Owen N. Beck ABSTRACT Older adults walk using their hips relatively more and their ankles relatively less than young adults. This ‘distal-to-proximal redistribution’ in leg joint mechanics is thought to drive the age-related increase in metabolic rate during walking. However, many...

... capabilities and importance for walking and running. Torque–angle data were twice collected from nine healthy individuals (6 males, 3 females; 28±5 years) using supramaximal transcutaneous electrical stimuli applied at two tibial nerve sites to distinguish between muscle-driven and passive toe-flexion torque...

... influences the selection of animals, behaviors and methodologies for studying animal motion. Locomotion Walking Running Swimming Behavior Methodology In the pursuit of understanding how animals move, biomechanists have historically focused on one of two approaches ( Fig. 1 ). Scientists...

... walking on flat terrain excitingly point to key features in inter-leg coordination patterns that seem to be ‘universally’ shared across panarthropods. However, when movement through more complex, naturalistic terrain is considered, variability in coordination patterns – from the intra-individual to inter...

... locomotion. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive locomotion analysis along gradients in both body size and walking speed of Camponotus fellah worker subcastes, and of males, which have rarely been studied to date because of their short life spans associated with mating flights. We provide a detailed...

..., distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. Summary: Electrophysiological techniques reveal that spatial visual properties of simple eyes improve with input from compound eyes in bull ants. Pattern electroretinography Flying Walking Bull...

... >0.999), than females. For all elephants, estimated RFM ( r =0.45, P =0.004) was positively correlated with insulin. Distance walked was negatively correlated with age ( r =−0.46, P =0.007). When adjusted for FFM and age ( P <0.001), non-cycling females had less fat compared with cycling females...

...Giovanni A. Cavagna; Mario A. Legramandi ABSTRACT It is known that mechanical work to sustain walking is reduced, owing to a transfer of gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy, as in a pendulum. The factors affecting this transfer are unclear. In particular, the phase relationship...

... locomotor demands. Thirteen healthy adults walked across a range of speeds (0.8, 1.2, 1.6, 2.0 m s −1 ) and slopes (0 deg, +5 deg, +10 deg) to determine whether hip, knee and ankle joints and their extensors and flexors altered their mechanical function in response to increased speed and slope. As walking...

...Sarah N. Fickey; Michael G. Browne; Jason R. Franz ABSTRACT The plantarflexor muscles are critical for forward propulsion and leg swing initiation during the push-off phase of walking, serving to modulate step length and walking speed. However, reduced ankle power output is common in aging and gait...

... their hindlimbs for bipedal terrestrial locomotion, for at least some part of their life history. Here, we review the scaling of avian striding bipedal gaits to explore how body mass and leg morphology influence walking and running. We collate literature data from 21 species, spanning a 2500× range in body mass...

... the mechanical work done during level walking in Nepalese porters while carrying different loads at several speeds. Our results show that the Nepalese porters do not use an equivalent mechanism as the African women to reduce work. In contrast, the Nepalese porters develop an equal amount of total mechanical work...

...Anthony G. Schache; Nicholas A. T. Brown; Marcus G. Pandy ABSTRACT We investigated how the human lower-limb joints modulate work and power during walking and running on level ground. Experimental data were recorded from seven participants for a broad range of steady-state locomotion speeds (walking...

... and edited the manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests. 17 9 2014 27 11 2014 © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2015 Leg movement Motion capture Whole-body coordination Walking Climbing Phasmatodea...

...Daniel Kress; Martin Egelhaaf In contrast to flying flies, walking flies experience relatively strong rotational gaze shifts, even during overall straight phases of locomotion. These gaze shifts are caused by the walking apparatus and modulated by the stride frequency. Accordingly, even during...

... use position information from the anterior legs to control the touchdown position of the ipsilateral posterior legs. Here we addressed the question of whether not only the hindleg but also the middle leg performs targeting, and whether targeting is still present in a walking animal when influences...

... movement fine branch milieu grasping walking Despite the huge advances conferred by studies of locomotion in controlled conditions, more and more researchers are beginning to understand the value of investigating locomotion in ecologically pertinent contexts ( Irschick and Garland, 2001...

..., is based on the study of several insect species, which differ greatly in size and mass. Each of these species tends to walk at a rather narrow range of speeds. We have addressed these issues by examining four strains of Drosophila , which are similar in size and mass, but tend to walk at different speed...

...Martyna Grabowska; Elzbieta Godlewska; Joachim Schmidt; Silvia Daun-Gruhn SUMMARY The analysis of inter-leg coordination in insect walking is generally a study of six-legged locomotion. For decades, the stick insect Carausius morosus has been instrumental for unravelling the rules and mechanisms...

... and behavioral strategies such as compensatory head movements. During self-movement, head rotations compensate for changes in body attitude in order to stabilize gaze. However, how walking animals cope with uneven structured substrates, which may affect body and gaze orientation, is still unknown. We used stereo...