... (myofibres). Values are means ± s.e.m . (D) Voltage-clamp recording of total membrane currents from a cell dissociated at 20–22 °C showing that both inward and outward current amplitudes are low. The stimulus protocol was 25 ms test pulses, incrementing in 10 mV steps from −70 to +90 mV from a holding...

... of membrane potential, since both changes of the beating mode occur simultaneously. 29 07 1995 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1995 cell locomotion ciliary beating electromotor coupling Ca 2+ gradient Protozoa voltage-clamp Didinium nasutum Ciliary organelles serve...

... activity, suggesting an important role for the inward Ca 2+ current in maintaining a regular swimmeret rhythmic activity in crayfish. 17 03 1995 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1995 crayfish swimmeret system motor neurones voltage-clamp Pacifastacus leniusculus...

.... This outward current is not voltage-dependent in the range -80 mV to -10 mV, as shown in voltage-clamp experiments by a linear current–voltage relationship. The reversal potential of this current is approximately -60 mV, indicating that chloride or potassium ions underlie the current. Using dynamic-clamp, we...

...Kevin L. Blair; Peter A. V. Anderson ABSTRACT Cells were dispersed from the brains of the triclad flatworm Bdelloura candida and maintained in primary culture for up to 2 weeks. Cultured cells assumed a variety of morphologies consistent with those of neurones in vivo . Whole-cell voltage-clamp...

...R. J. Martin; P. Thorn; K. A. F. Gration; I. D. Harrow ABSTRACT Voltage-activated currents in cell bodies of the somatic muscle cells of Ascaris suum were studied using a two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. Cells recorded from had resting membrane potentials around −35 mV and had input...

...H. Hashemzadeh-Gargari; J. Freschi ABSTRACT The effects of L-glutamate and its analogues were studied in voltage-clamped motoneurons of the lobster cardiac ganglion. These excitatory amino acids caused a dose-dependent increase in membrane conductance and an inward current at the resting membrane...

... Anthozoa voltage-clamp calcium currents potassium currents myoepithelial cells Calliactis tricolor Cnidarians are the simplest extant organisms to possess a nervous system and as such, have been the focus of much research directed at understanding the properties of the ‘first’ nervous...

... by Company of Biologists 1991 membrane potential voltage-clamp cirral movement Stylonychia mytilus The ciliary motor response in ciliates is closely coupled to membrane potential changes ( Machemer, 1986 , 1990 ). In Paramecium and Stylonychia , it has been established that membrane...

...Julian P. L. Davis; Robert M. Pitman ABSTRACT The effects of a number of dopaminergic agonists and antagonists upon the soma of a prothoracic inhibitory motoneurone of the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) have been recorded under voltage-clamp conditions. Dopamine generates inward currents...

...) of ACh. Under voltage-clamp, such doses of ACh resulted in an inward current which was abolished in low-Na + saline. Ion-sensitive electrodes revealed an increase in [Na + ] i but no change in [Cl”]i in response to externally applied ACh. The ACh-induced current-voltage relationship was shifted...

... suggest that the Na + channels of DUM neurones have more than one open state and/or more than one inactivated state. * To whom reprint requests should be sent. 27 02 1990 © 1990 by Company of Biologists 1990 patch-clamp voltage-clamp Na + current cockroach adult isolated...

...R. R. Stewart; J. G. Nicholls; W. B. Adams ABSTRACT Na + , K + and Ca 2+ currents have been measured by voltage-clamp in Retzius (R), anterior pagoda (AP) and sensory (pressure, touch and nociceptive) cells dissected from the central nervous system (CNS) of the leech. These cells maintain...

... suggest that the neurotransmitter of d-RCDN and d-LCDN is 5-HT. Under voltage-clamp, activity of the cerebral neurones usually produced an inward shift in the holding current of PON with a decrease of conductance. Ionic substitution experiments and injection of Cs + into PON showed that the response...

...Peter A. V. Anderson; M. Craig Mckay ABSTRACT Electrical properties of cnidocytes isolated from the hydroid Cladonema and the scyphomedusa Chrysaora were examined using current- and voltage-clamp recording techniques. The stenoteles of Cladonema produced action potentials when depolarized above 0mV...

...Peter A. V. Anderson ABSTRACT Neurones of the motor nerve net of the jellyfish Cyanea capillata were axotomized, and voltage-clamped using the whole-cell configuration of the patchclamp technique. Outward currents were blocked by a combination of extracellular 4-aminopyridine (4-AP...

... and delayed outward membrane currents in isolated neural somata under voltage clamp . J. Physiol.,Lond . 213 , 1 – 19 . 10.1113/jphysiol.1971.sp009364 Connor , J. A. & Stevens , C. F. ( 1971b ). Voltage clamp studies of transient outward membrane current in gastropod neural somata...

... a significant block of the ACh response. Not all reversibly acting antagonists were equally effective in preventing irreversible block of the ACh-induced depolarization by α -BGTX. Whereas α -COTX protected the receptors, mecamylamine did not. With the cell body of Df voltage clamped, the degree of antagonism...