..., n Cni =74, n Cno =74, P <0.05; C. aenescens turning-in versus turning-out z =−2.04, n Cai =14, n Cao =14, P <0.05). To check whether C. fortis did not perform frequent turns because of the absence of visual landmarks, we manipulated its natural habitat with two different...

... installed, the ants shift their search density peaks more closely to the fictive goal position, the more learning walks they have performed. These results suggest that learning of a visual landmark panorama around a goal is a gradual rather than an instantaneous process. * Author for correspondence...

... are able to make use of other information carried by the wind. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) 17 11 2008 2009 short-range orientation King Penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus chick visual landmark Navigation in many colonial species poses...

... dance. Moreover, we found that the bees'experience of the terrain modulates the encoding of spatial information in the waggle dance, suggesting that interactions between path integration and visual landmarks are computed in the context of dance communication. * Author for correspondence (e...

... and some unknown site-dependent features. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) 11 11 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 homing pigeon sun compass anosmia visual landmark orientation Kramer's `map and compass' concepts are useful...