.... Exercise Cardiac shunting Cardiac output Vasodilation The control of peripheral vascular tone (see Glossary) is paramount for the regulation of cardiac output by virtue of altering vascular resistance or conductance (see Glossary) to match blood flow to metabolic demands ( Bada et al., 2012...

...-dependent release of ATP from RBCs, which stimulates production of nitric oxide (NO) and other vasodilators in the endothelium; (2) release of vasoactive NO from S -nitroso-Hb upon deoxygenation; and (3) reduction of naturally occurring nitrite to vasoactive NO by deoxygenated Hb. This Commentary inspects...

... and physiological approaches to establish whether NO-mediated vasodilation is via an endothelial or neural NO pathway in the large arteries of the estuarine crocodile Crocodylus porosus . Specific endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) staining was observed in aortic endothelial cells following nicotinamide...

... 7 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 erythrocyte haemoglobin microcirculation nitrite nitric oxide vasodilation The isolated trout heart provides a useful model for studying mechanical aspects of heart contraction and humoral control mechanisms involved...

... the soluble GC inhibitor oxadiazole quinoxalin-1 (ODQ; 10 –5 mol l –1 )completely abolished the vasodilatory effect of the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 10 –4 mol l –1 ). In addition, nicotine (3×10 –4 mol l –1 )mediated a vasodilation that was not affected by removal of the endothelium. The nicotine...

... bath physiology,which demonstrated that the vasodilation mediated by applied acetylcholine(10 -5 mol l -1 ) was not dependent on the presence of the vascular endothelium; however, it was significantly reduced in the presence of a neural NOS inhibitor, vinyl-L-NIO (10 -4 mol l -1 ). In addition...

... were investigated using saline- or blood-perfused swimbladder preparations of the freshwater European eel Anguilla anguilla . While β-adrenergic vasodilation was not detectable, a bolus injection of adenosine (100 μl, 10 −7 mol l −1 ) and application of VIP (10 −7 mol kg −1 ) caused a significant...

... fishes are acclimated to high salinities ( Westenfelder et al . 1988 ; Evans et al . 1989 ). The recent finding that mammalian AP produces vasodilation in the ventral aorta and branchial vasculature of the marine toadfish ( Evans et al . 1989 ) suggests that AP may also play a role in controlling gill...