... of Biologists Limited 1992 urinary bladder kidney urine composition glomerular filtration acid-base regulation ionoregulation rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss The mucosal to serosal transport of Na + , Cl - and water by the urinary bladder of the freshwater rainbow trout...

... to determine urine composition and measurement of PEG-4000 release into surrounding water to quantify urination events. The direct approach employed a new external catheterization technique to collect naturally discharged urine. Both methods demonstrated that trout urinate in intermittent bursts at 20–30 min...

... of Biologists 1984 Bufo viridis urine composition urinary chloride urea loss Toads were collected near Jerusalem and after 2–3 weeks in the laboratory, they were acclimated to NaCl solutions, as previously described ( Katz, 1973 ). Acclimated toads spent at least 12 days in either tap water...