... acid reactive substances (TBARS), enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, SOD and catalase, CAT) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (uric acid and reduced glutathione), and heat shock protein expression (Hsc70, Hsp70 and Hsp90) in (1) active control snails, (2) snails after 45 days of estivation, and (3) aroused...

... transepithelial urate secretion by chick PTCs under short-circuited conditions. Unidirectional fluxes were initiated by addition of [ 14 C]uric acid and 330 μmol l –1 non-radioactive urate at t =0. Transepithelial secretory flux approached steady state at 1.5 h reflecting the time necessary for equilibration...

...-exclusive mechanisms for the post-renal modification of urine in these birds: bacterial catabolism of uric acid and reabsorption of uric acid in the hindgut. As uric acid functions both as a nitrogenous waste product and as an antioxidant, birds might benefit from its reabsorption. Table 4...

...Patricia A. Wright ABSTRACT There are diverse physiological functions of nitrogen end products in different animal groups, including excretion, acid–base regulation, osmoregulation and buoyancy. Animals excrete a variety of nitrogen waste products, but ammonia, urea and uric acid predominate...

...P. Greenaway; S. Morris ABSTRACT Nitrogenous excretion by the terrestrial anomuran crab Birgus latro L. was examined. The main excretory product was uric acid, representing 79·5 % of total excretory nitrogen. It was eliminated as white faeces separate from undigested food material and made up 82·6...