...Megan Matthews; Simon Sponberg ABSTRACT Flying animals maneuver and hover through environments where wind gusts and flower wakes produce unsteady flow. Although both flight maneuvers and aerodynamic mechanisms have been studied independently, little is known about how these interact...

...Otar Akanyeti; James C. Liao SUMMARY A mechanistic understanding of how fishes swim in unsteady flows is challenging despite its prevalence in nature. Previous kinematic studies of fish Kármán gaiting in a vortex street behind a cylinder only report time-averaged measurements, precluding our...

...Otar Akanyeti; James C. Liao SUMMARY We have little understanding of how fish hold station in unsteady flows. Here, we investigated the effect of flow speed and body size on the kinematics of rainbow trout Kármán gaiting behind a 5 cm diameter cylinder. We established a set of criteria revealing...

... a 3-D steady computation and a complete set of 3-D quasisteady computations for a range of pectoral fin positions and surface velocities. An unstructured, grid-based, unsteady Navier—Stokes solver with automatic adaptive remeshing was then used to compute the unsteady flow about the wrasse through...

... and Company, Inc., Two Crossroads Drive, Bedminster, NJ 07921, USA (e-mail: james–[email protected] ). 14 08 1996 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1996 basilisk lizard allometry locomotion fluid dynamics air–water interface unsteady flow biomechanics running on water...