..., the participants were secured by the treadmill's safety harness. A rest of 5 min was given between the running trials. In a separate part of the measurement, we experimentally determined the soleus force–fascicle length relationship using a dynamometer and an ultrasound device. The order of the two measurement...

... equipment and a standard light microscope. Ultrasound Video-Microscopy Dinoflagellates The Independent Research Fund Denmark 7014-00033B Villum Foundation Carlsberg Foundation CF17-0495 European Union's Horizon 2020 955910 Freely swimming...

... increased power production and locomotor cost. In 11 power-trained and 13 endurance-trained recreational athletes, we measured (1) muscle fascicle length via ultrasound in the gastrocnemius lateralis, gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis, (2) maximal power during cycling and countermovement jumps...

... ultrasound in their environment and alter their echolocation calls in response to masking noise. Using stereo thermal videogrammetry and acoustic methods, we tested predictions that: (i) bats would avoid acoustic deterrents and forage and social call less in a ‘treated airspace’; (ii) deterrents would cause...

... controlled the magnitude of force transmitted via individual triceps surae muscles while ultrasound imaging recorded resultant subtendon tissue displacements. We hypothesized that MG and SOL stimulation would elicit larger displacements in their associated subtendon. Ten young adults completed four...

..., velocities, excitations and activations) of 10 habitual midfoot/forefoot striking and nine habitual rearfoot striking runners while running at 10 and 14 km h −1 . The Achilles tendon stiffness of the musculoskeletal model was adapted to fit experimental ultrasound data of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle...

...) muscle and its tendinous tissue during gait, as it absorbs energy during contact and controls foot position during swing. Simultaneous measurements of ultrasound, surface electromyography and 3D motion capture with musculoskeletal modelling from 12 healthy participants were recorded as they walked...

... or (2) increasing jump height. Electromyography (EMG) and ultrasound analyses were performed to examine muscle activation, fascicle length and fascicle velocity changes of the triceps surae during jumping. Integrated EMG was significantly higher in the added mass paradigm with no difference in mean...

... human ankle muscles use their elastic tendons to contribute mechanical work and produce acceleration during walking gait. Mechanical work Fascicle Acceleration Gait Ultrasound Muscle mechanics Accelerative movements increase the velocity of a body and require net positive mechanical...

...-dimensional motion capture and a musculoskeletal model were used to determine lower limb kinematics that were combined with ground reaction force data in an inverse dynamics analysis. B-mode ultrasound imaging of the lateral gastrocnemius (GAS) and soleus (SOL) muscles was used to measure muscle fascicle...

.... In vivo experiments have not, however, demonstrated mechanical fatigue in the Achilles tendon, possibly due to the limitations of using two-dimensional ultrasound imaging to assess tendon strain. This study used freehand three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) to determine whether the free Achilles tendon...

... . Cronin   N. J. , Lichtwark   G. ( 2012 ). The use of ultrasound to study muscle-tendon function in human posture and locomotion . Gait Posture   [Epub ahead of print] doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.07.024 . Cronin   N. J. , Carty   C. P. , Barrett   R. S. , Lichtwark   G...

... structure has been investigated using traditional comparative morphological ex vivo analysis. Here, we employed ultrasound imaging, for the first time, to explore in vivo the arms of the cephalopod mollusc Octopus vulgaris . Sonographic examination (linear transducer, 18 MHz) was carried out in anesthetized...

... in an ultrasound-sensitive allis shad ( Alosa alosa ). Ten shad were exposed to 192 dB re. 1 μPa (pp) clicks centred at 40 kHz at repetition rates of 1, 20, 50 and 250 clicks s –1 with summed energy flux density levels of 148, 161, 165 and 172 dB re. 1 μPa 2 s. The exposures mimicked the acoustic exposure from...

... on each dive. Doppler and/or two-dimensional imaging ultrasound did not detect VGE in the portal and brachiocephalic veins following a dive series. Van Slyke analyses of serial, post-dive blood samples drawn from the fluke yielded blood nitrogen partial pressure ( P N 2 ) values that were negligibly...

...R. Nakano; T. Takanashi; T. Fujii; N. Skals; A. Surlykke; Y. Ishikawa SUMMARY Ultrasonic hearing is widespread among moths, but very few moth species have been reported to produce ultrasounds for sexual communication. In those that do, the signals are intense and thus well matched for long distance...

... muscles. J. Appl. Physiol. 74 , 2740 -2744. Klimstra, M., Dowling, J., Durkin, J. L. and MacDonald, M. ( 2007 ). The effect of ultrasound probe orientation on muscle architecture measurement. J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 17 , 504 -514. Lichtwark, G. A. and Wilson, A. M. ( 2006 ). Interactions...

... than those of conventional stridulation. Orthoptera Tettigoniidae ultrasound bioacoustics elastic stridulation resilin katydid © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 19 10 2006 * Author for correspondence: (e-mail: [email protected] ) References...

... Pseudoips prasinana Bena bicolorana sound production tymbal hearing threshold ultrasound acoustic communication Many moths, including most Noctuoidea, Geometroidea and Pyraloidea, have simple ears that are sensitive to ultrasound. Most moths are silent, and their acoustic behaviour...

...William E. Conner ABSTRACT Tympanal sound receptors in moths evolved in response to selective pressures provided by echolocating insectivorous bats. The presence of these ultrasound detectors also set the stage for the later evolution of ultrasonic courtship signals in the tympanate moth families...