.... Balance Turning Perturbations Stability Fall prevention National Institutes of Health R15AG063106 P20GM109090 Concurrent stability and maneuverability are essential features of locomotion to evade predators and negotiate complex environments without loss of traction ( Alexander...

... quantitative data on turning performance and wake dynamics of squids are available. To better understand the contribution of the jet, fins and arms to turns, the role of orientation (i.e. arms first versus tail first) in maneuvering, and the relationship between jet flow and turning performance, kinematic...

... their foreflippers to propel themselves forward without aid from the collapsed hindflippers, which are passively trailed. During maneuvers such as turning and leaping (porpoising), the hindflippers are spread into a delta-wing configuration. There is little information defining the role of otarrid hindflippers...

...Frank E. Fish; Allison Kolpas; Andrew Crossett; Michael A. Dudas; Keith W. Moored; Hilary Bart-Smith ABSTRACT For aquatic animals, turning maneuvers represent a locomotor activity that may not be confined to a single coordinate plane, making analysis difficult, particularly in the field. To measure...

... attacks by the brief squid Lolliguncula brevis on both shrimp and fish. Squid attack success was high (>80%) and three behavioral phases were identified: (1) approach, (2) strike and (3) recoil. Lolliguncula brevis demonstrated greater maneuverability (i.e. a smaller length-specific turning radius...

... temperature conditions and during turning. At ground temperatures ranging from 45 to 60°C, mites ran at a mean relative speed of 192.4±2.1 body lengths (BL) s −1 , exceeding the highest previously documented value for a land animal by 12.5%. Stride frequencies were also exceptionally high (up to 135 Hz...

... in wind tunnels with limited maneuvering, and without analysis of echolocation behavior. In this study, we engaged insectivorous big brown bats in a task requiring simultaneous turning and climbing flight, and used synchronized high-speed motion-tracking cameras and audio recordings to quantify...

... the underlying kinematics and resulting aerodynamic mechanisms of low speed turning flight in the pigeon ( Columba livia ). Three birds were trained to perform 90 deg level turns in a stereotypical fashion and detailed three-dimensional (3D) kinematics were recorded at high speeds. Applying the angular momentum...

... in the field. Specifically, we collected data on tandem flights, defined as two birds maneuvering together. These data permit us to evaluate several hypotheses on the high-speed maneuvering flight performance of birds. We found that high-speed turns are roll-based, but that the magnitude of the centripetal...

.... * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 1 9 2008 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 fluid dynamics escape response C-start turning maneuvering bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus particle image velocimetry The escape response (also called a C...

... maneuvers. In the present study, we examined the kinematics of slow-speed turning flight in the lesser short-nosed fruit bat, Cynopterus brachyotis , to understand the basic mechanics employed to perform maneuvers and to compare them with previous findings in bats and other flying organisms. Four...

... to altered activity patterns typically involves superimposing exercise onto a normal locomotor repertoire, making a distinction between qualitative changes to locomotor repertoires and quantitative increases in activity level difficult. Here, we directly tested the hypothesis that an increase in turning...

... and decouple these multiple constraints may provide a distinct advantage for turning performance. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 17 1 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 turning maneuverability curve sprinting running locomotion...

... a behavioural transition do so at the same rate. The present study tests this assumption by analysing the sequence of kinematic events during turning of the stick insect Carausius morosus , and by measuring how the time courses of the changing parameters differ between legs. Turning was triggered reliably...

...Frank E. Fish; Jenifer Hurley; Daniel P. Costa SUMMARY Maneuverability is critical to the performance of fast-swimming marine mammals that use rapid turns to catch prey. Overhead video recordings were analyzed for two sea lions ( Zalophus californianus ) turning in the horizontal plane. Unpowered...

...Eliot G. Drucker; George V. Lauder ABSTRACT While experimental analyses of steady rectilinear locomotion in fishes are common, unsteady movement involving time-dependent variation in heading, speed and acceleration probably accounts for the greatest portion of the locomotor time budget. Turning...

...Newton H. Copp; Marc Jamon ABSTRACT The kinematic patterns of defense turning behavior in freely behaving specimens of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii were investigated with the aid of a video-analysis system. Movements of the body and all pereiopods, except the chelipeds, were analyzed. Because...

... and A. leptodactylus are related to the movement of outer leg 4 (i.e. leg 4 on the outside of the turn). That is, the peaks in the yaw torque occur, on average, in synchrony with the power stroke of outer leg 4. When comparing the results of this open-loop experiment on P. clarkii with results previously obtained...

... in outer legs (the legs on the outside of the turn) than in the inner legs. As a result, outer legs showed larger step amplitudes than inner legs. Leg kinematics varied within each walking sequence. AEP leg angles (the angles between the body and leg axes at the AEP) tended to decrease over time for inner...

...M. L. May; R. R. Hoy ABSTRACT An ultrasonic stimulus induced negative phonotactic steering in the yaw axis of tethered, flying Australian field crickets. The forewings, hindwings and twisting of the thorax generated the forces which induced the yaw turn. However, abdominal ruddering did...