... in the anterior body with emphasis on the arrangement of the pathways for airflow. The fly's head is preferentially supplied by cephalic tracheae originating from the ventral orifice of the mesothoracic spiracle (Sp1). The respiratory airflow during flight is a by-product of cyclic deformations of the thoracic...

... the thorax in flying blowflies by opening the valve flaps during wing upstroke and keeping the inner openings narrow. Auto-ventilation Insect respiration Tracheal pressure Tracheae Spiracles Haemolymph Opener muscle Oxygen supply CO 2 release Respiratory gas exchange in insects depends...

... to the accumulation of CO 2 . Periodic heartbeat reversals continue during flight, with a higher period frequency than at rest, supporting the transport of CO 2 via the haemolymph towards the metathoracic tracheae and abdominal air sacs. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Competing...

.... In the blowfly, as in other insects with periodic heartbeat reversal, the haemolymph is periodically shifted between the anterior body and abdomen, exerting alternating pressure changes on the compliant tracheae in the thorax and in the abdomen. Simultaneous pressure and O 2 optode measurements show that, during...

... INTERESTS No competing interests declared. 25 9 2012 28 8 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 Manduca sexta tracheae respiratory development larval growth The balance between oxygen demand and the oxygen supply system is a key physiological...

... No competing interests declared. 21 3 2013 23 8 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 insect ventilation respiration spiracle tracheae The insect respiratory system consists of a network of air-filled tracheal vessels that extend from the external...

... sexta caterpillars cyclically contract their bodies in response to hypoxia, resulting in significant compressions of the tracheal system. Compression of tracheae induced by abdominal pumping drives external gas exchange, as evidenced by the high correlation between CO 2 emission peaks and body movements...

... how atmospheric oxygen level affects the dimensions of the main dorsal tracheae (DT) and masses of larval Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) reared for up to six generations in 10%, 21% or 40% O 2 at 25°C. Wandering-stage third-instar larvae were weighed every other generation, and the dimensions...

... tracheae (branching off from the spiracular tracheae) were of greater cross-sectional area in lower ambient oxygen. Compared to larvae of the same body mass reared in 21 % oxygen, larvae reared in 15 % oxygen had main tracheae 40% larger in cross-sectional area on average, and larvae in 10.5% oxygen had...