.... Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2023 Summary: Rough substrates influence animal walking based on the relative, not absolute, scale of substrate features; this Review proposes terminology and metrics to enhance comparative study. Locomotion Terrestrial Legged Adhesion Friction...

..., moderate-intensity activity of all muscles during swimming. Muscle function Electromyography Aquatic Terrestrial High-speed videography Fish Muscle is responsible for an immense array of tasks integral to the function of animals: its action propels food through digestive tracts, enables...

... ) 3 9 2011 © 2012. 2012 EMG hand digitigrade palmigrade terrestrial locomotion primate Most ground-dwelling mammals assume an extended digitigrade limb posture during locomotion, with only the phalanges and distal ends of the metapodials in contact with the substrate during...

... ( Rattus norvegicus ) as they moved on horizontal poles of different diameters. The data were compared with data pertaining to terrestrial locomotion. We investigated three-dimensional kinematics and dynamics using biplanar cineradiography with simultaneous substrate reaction force (SRF) measurements...

...Angela R. V. Rivera; Richard W. Blob SUMMARY Turtles use their limbs during both aquatic and terrestrial locomotion, but water and land impose dramatically different physical requirements. How must musculoskeletal function be adjusted to produce locomotion through such physically disparate habitats...

...Andrew R. Lammers; Audrone R. Biknevicius SUMMARY Effects of substrate diameter on locomotor biodynamics were studied in the gray short-tailed opossum ( Monodelphis domestica ). Two horizontal substrates were used: a flat `terrestrial' trackway with a force platform integrated into the surface...

... a unifying general principle and extended from marine to terrestrial ectotherms. By contrast, in insects the upper and lower limits are decoupled, suggesting that the oxygen limitation hypothesis might not be as general as proposed. However, no direct tests of this hypothesis or its predictions have been...

... generalized terrestrial lizard, Dipsosaurus dorsalis . Inclines had significant main effects for relatively few kinematic variables of C. calyptratus (11%)compared to D. dorsalis (73%). For C. calyptratus , the main effects of locomotor surface were nearly three times more widespread than those of incline...

... of a swimming fish. J. Exp. Biol . 182 , 191 –206. Ashley-Ross, M. A. ( 1994 a). Hind limb kinematics during terrestrial locomotion in a salamander ( Dicamptodon tenebrosus ). J. Exp. Biol . 193 , 255 –283. Ashley-Ross, M. A. ( 1994 b). Metamorphic and speed effects on hind limb kinematics...

... on the relative magnitude and timing of these patterns of fascicle strain and activation. It has recently been suggested that terrestrial animals may conserve metabolic energy during locomotion by minimizing limb extensor muscle strain during stance, when the muscle is active, facilitating more economical force...

..., but are also actively mediated by shifts in the motor output and mechanical behavior of several muscles. * e-mail: [email protected] 15 09 2000 02 11 2000 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 terrestrial aquatic locomotion muscle electromyography jumping...

...Gary B. Gillis ABSTRACT Eels ( Anguilla rostrata ) are known to make occasional transitory excursions into the terrestrial environment. While on land, their locomotor kinematics deviate drastically from that observed during swimming. In this study, electromyographic (EMG) recordings were made from...

...Larry M. Frolich; Andrew A. Biewener ABSTRACT Aquatic neotenic and terrestrial metamorphosed salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinurn) were videotaped simultaneously with electromyographic (EMG) recording from five epaxial myotomes along the animal’s trunk during swimming in a flow tank and trotting...