... into the systems-level mechanisms underlying the evolution of complex performance traits. O 2 cascade Symmorphosis Physiological control concept Exercise Thermogenic capacity High-altitude adaptation Complex traits Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada http://dx.doi.org...

... in Bohai Bay are such that red knots can refuel fast whilst economizing on the size of their gizzard. These time-stressed migrants thus provide an elegant example of symmorphosis. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS All authors contributed to the design...

...Edward P. Snelling; Roger S. Seymour; Sue Runciman; Philip G. D. Matthews; Craig R. White SUMMARY Weibel and Taylor's theory of symmorphosis predicts that the structural components of the respiratory system are quantitatively adjusted to satisfy, but not exceed, an animal's maximum requirement...

... surface area, hematocrit, mean cellular hemoglobin content and the activities of mitochondrial enzymes per gram ventricle and pectoral muscle), arguing against symmorphosis. We also studied F1 hybrids to determine which traits in the oxygen cascade have a genetic architecture similar to that of Ṁ O 2 ,max...

...Edward P. Snelling; Roger S. Seymour; Sue Runciman; Philip G. D. Matthews; Craig R. White SUMMARY Taylor and Weibel's theory of symmorphosis predicts that structures of the respiratory system are matched to maximum functional requirements with minimal excess capacity. We tested this hypothesis...

... oxygen transport peripheral limitation respiratory exchange ratio selection limit symmorphosis © 2010. 2010 6 10 2009 ‡ Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) † Present address: Department of Biology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA...

... unguiculatus metabolic rate rodent symmorphosis Mechanistic, comparative, ecological and evolutionary physiologists have long been interested in animal locomotion (e.g. Irschick and Garland, 2001 ; Oufiero and Garland, 2007 ). In most non-sessile animals, locomotor performance can be related...

... of the cardiorespiratory physiology of GH transgenic salmon, and serves as a novel test of the theory of symmorphosis. The GH transgenic salmon had a 3.6× faster growth rate,and 21 and 25% higher values for mass-specific routine and standard oxygen consumption (Ṁ O 2 ),respectively. However, there was no concurrent...

... © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 artificial selection central limitation exercise hypoxia hyperoxia maximum metabolic rate oxygen availability peripheral limitation respiratory exchange ratio symmorphosis The vertebrate O 2 transport and delivery system can...

... bird lung juvenile development respiration morphometry diffusing capacity symmorphosis Comparative respiratory and cardiovascular physiology had focussed on the coordinated and adaptive functions of the organ systems in the adult animal. However, the developmental stages of those systems...

...), or a peripheral excess capacity (if there is a central limitation); (4) utilizing different levels of energy demand to test for symmorphosis. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 18 7 2002 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 sustained metabolic rate...

... maximal aerobic speed maximal rate of oxygen consumption oxygen consumption postprandial prioritization reptile specific dynamic action symmorphosis Varanus exanthematicus ventilation. Organisms in nature must undertake many different kinds of activities and sometimes do several...

... levels of mite infection than bees that returned safely. * e-mail: [email protected] 14 11 2000 01 02 2001 © 2001 by Company of Biologists 2001 honeybee Apis mellifera tracheal mite Acarapis woodi oxygen delivery safety margin symmorphosis metabolic rate...

... limits, symmorphosis) and explored relationships between basal metabolic rate (BMR), aerobic capacity and social rank. Males had a lower BMR, a higher and a greater aerobic scope than females. Females possessed larger peritoneal and reproductive organs, while males had larger hearts, lungs and leg...

... and symmorphosis concepts). Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was determined during the rest phase. The maximum rate of oxygen consumption during exercise was measured in an enclosed wheel that allowed limited hovering flight. Neither BMR nor was affected by gender, but adults had significantly higher and lower BMR than...

... biogenesis mitochondrial DNA symmorphosis oxidative phosphorylation NRF OX BOX respiration In general, mitochondria (mt) provide most of the energy for muscles under aerobic conditions. The differences in oxidative capacity between tissues appear to be due primarily to variation...

... rate oxygen transport electrocardiogram laser autofocus insectivore symmorphosis Etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus The Etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus is the smallest mammal. The adult body mass of animals caught from their natural habitat ranges between 1.6 and 2.4 g. This species has...

.... This will be used in the subsequent experimental papers in asking how biological structures are designed if they serve more than one function and whether one function can be served by more than one structural pathway. We have used the concept of symmorphosis to address this question; in its original form...

... for testing the principle of symmorphosis, i.e. that structural capacity is quantitatively matched to functional demand in the oxidative substrate pathways. It is under these rate-limiting conditions that we predict that all of the structural capacity will be used. Maximal rates of fatty acid oxidation were...

... dogs and goats. * Author for correspondence at address 2. 03 04 1996 © 1996 by Company of Biologists 1996 glucose oxidation muscle glycogen exercise metabolism symmorphosis dog goat In the preceding paper of this series ( Roberts et al . 1996 ), we have...