... for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 19 10 2011 © 2012. 2012 electromyography EMG Canis locomotion symmetrical gait asymmetrical gait The extrinsic limb muscles are crucial functional components for locomotion in quadrupedal mammals. These muscles span the proximal fulcra...

.... e-mail: [email protected] 29 8 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 altricial precocial postnatal limb movement symmetrical gait X-ray tree shrew Tupaia glis cui Galea musteloides Limb design and limb movement patterns appear...

... parts (scapula,femur) to produce more than half of the propulsive movement of the whole limb at symmetrical gaits. Basically, a three-segmented limb with zigzag configuration of segments is mainly displaced at the scapular pivot or hip joint, both of which have the same vertical distance to the ground...