... in the holding tank were calculated during periods when the fish were in the field of view of the video camera. Swimming speeds of the fish in the holding tank were determined from the same video footage as the TBF measurements, and were calculated as FL s −1 based on the time taken for the tail tip of a fish...

... (e.g. viscosity) in determining swimming speed is poorly understood. Here we propose a semi-mechanistic model to describe how biological rates, size and the physics of the environment contribute to the temperature dependency of microbial swimming speed. Data on the swimming speed and size...

...Susan L. Gallon; Carol E. Sparling; Jean-Yves Georges; Michael A. Fedak; Martin Biuw; Dave Thompson SUMMARY The duration of breath-hold dives and the available time for foraging in submerged prey patches is ultimately constrained by oxygen balance. There is a close relationship between swim speed...

..., whereas there was no correlation between k high and size. The maximum swimming speeds during vertical excursions (calculated from the pressure data) occurred midway during ascents and averaged ≈2 FL s –1 (where FL =fork length), although speeds as high ≈4–7 FL s –1 were also noted. References Blank...

... wake flow structures are also examined relative to the swimming motions. At all speeds, the wake contains almost entirely lateral jets of fluid, separated by an unstable shear layer that rapidly breaks down into two vortices. The jet's mean velocity grows with swimming speed, but jet diameter varies...

... and significantly as swimming velocity approached the critical swimming speed( U crit ). Unsteady swimming behaviours during the graded exercise, however, caused abrupt and generally short-lived decreases in P v O 2 . For the cold-acclimated (6-10°C)fish, P v O 2 reached a minimum plateau value of 15.3±3.7 torr (1...

... 2002 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2003 2003 haemoglobin Atlantic cod Gadus morhua preferred temperature hypoxia swimming speed The different types of Atlantic cod haemoglobin have been known since 1961( Sick, 1961 ). Experiments with agar gel electrophoresis revealed...

... at different axial body locations affect its performance and (iii) how swimming speed affects muscle work and power output. Red muscle was isolated from approximately mid-way through the deep wedge that lies next to the backbone; anterior (0.44 fork lengths, ANT) and posterior (0.70 fork lengths, POST) samples...

.... The present study describes the use of a recently developed electronic data logger to obtain simultaneous recordings of the swimming speed, depth, fin-beating activity and body angle of free-ranging chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta during their homing migration in coastal waters. Chum salmon migrated...

...D. M. Webber; R. G. Boutilier; S. R. Kerr; M. J. Smale SUMMARY We report the results of an experiment designed to investigate the feasibility of using differential pressure to estimate the swimming speed and metabolic rate of Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua ). Seven cod were fitted with a miniature...

..., so that maintaining a constant contraction frequency and work per stroke should result in an increased swimming speed. However, increasing speed causes exponential increases in drag, thereby reducing mechanical versus muscle efficiency. To investigate these competing factors, we have developed...

... consumption lower than previously reported. Assuming that king penguins dive within their aerobic limit, different approaches to the analysis of the data obtained in the swim channel are discussed to derive the ADL. Swimming speeds observed in the channel ranged from 0.9 to 3.4 m s −1 . Transport costs were...

... cellular mechanisms. * Address for correspondence. 12 12 1994 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1995 serotonin swimming speed modulation cerebral neurons mollusc Clione limacina There are four possible behavioral states in the swimming system of the pteropod...

... disturbances, including blood alkalosis, inhibition of Na + influx, impairment of branchial ammonia excretion and a decrease in swimming speed ( Wright and Wood, 1985 ; Ye, 1986 ). It is unusual, therefore, that a species of teleost fish, Oreochromis alcalicus grahami, is able to thrive in water of pH 10...