... the AP is not involved in regulating drinking. In teleosts, drinking (swallowing) is regulated by drinking-related muscles in the pharynx and oesophagus (Mukuda and Ando, 2003), and drinking volume depends on the construction or relaxation of the upper oesophagus sphincter (UOS). The afferent vagal nerve...

... scaled with mass 0.3 . The total duration of biting behaviours scaled identically, with mass 0.3 , indicating a lack of additional mechanical effects. The duration of swallowing behaviour, however, exhibited a shallower scaling of mass 0.17 . We suggest that this was due to the allometric growth...

... and aortic pressure dose dependently at 0.03–0.3 nmol per eel. Lesioning of the area postrema (AP), a sensory circumventricular organ, abolished drinking induced by peripheral isotocin, but not i.c.v. AngII. Collectively, isotocin seems to be a major circulating hormone that induces swallowing through its...

..., and in many cases swallowing prey whole. In seals, little work has been done to explore the anatomy and function of the UAT in the context of valving mechanisms that function to separate food and air pathways. Here we use videofluoroscopy, gross dissection, histology and computed tomography (CT) renderings...

...Noraly M. M. E. van Meer; Hannah I. Weller; Armita R. Manafzadeh; Elska B. Kaczmarek; Bradley Scott; Sander W. S. Gussekloo; Cheryl D. Wilga; Elizabeth L. Brainerd; Ariel L. Camp ABSTRACT Despite the importance of intraoral food transport and swallowing, relatively few studies have examined...

... (A). The other group had been raised on large prey (black circles) and thus had larger heads initially (A). Large-headed snakes were better able to swallow large prey and grew faster than the initially small-headed group in body mass (B) and snout—vent length (C). Mean values and associated standard errors...

...Robert P. Levine; Jenna A. Monroy; Elizabeth L. Brainerd SUMMARY Most anurans retract and close their eyes repeatedly during swallowing. Eye retraction may aid swallowing by helping to push food back toward the esophagus, but this hypothesis has never been tested. We used behavioral observations...

...-existing kinematic model of the I1/I3 and I2 muscles to generate three-dimensional representations of the entire buccal mass. High-temporal-resolution, mid-sagittal magnetic resonance(MR) images of swallowing adults in vivo are used to provide non-invasive, artifact-free shape and position parameter inputs...

... shape parameters eccentricity versus ellipticity create a two-dimensional shape space, which accurately quantifies the subtle transitions of shape between the different phases of the feeding cycle. Quantitative differences are observed between pure swallows and swallows with tearing behavior...