... 2014 Body condition Fitness Freeze tolerance Maternal effects Nest environment Nest predators Supercooling Temperature Factors influencing population dynamics are well studied in animal ecology and conservation. Many environmental factors impact population dynamics because...

... freeze avoidance through supercooling or freeze tolerance. Supercooling, a metastable state in which body fluids remain liquid below the equilibrium freezing/melting point, is promoted by physiological responses that protect against chilling injury and by anatomical and behavioral traits that limit risk...

... by a 20 h exposure to sub-zero temperatures in a supercooling state or after thawing. In parallel, we show an increase in the co-activators,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α(PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), mRNA expression, suggesting...

... dehydration freeze tolerance supercooling Cold-hardy invertebrates can be classified most simply as freeze tolerant or freeze intolerant. Freeze-tolerant species survive the freezing of their body fluids by promoting ice nucleation at high subzero temperatures and through the seasonal accumulation...

... freezing and to sustain a state of supercooling. As temperature declines below 0°C, however, the heart of an unfrozen turtle beats progressively slower, the diminished perfusion of peripheral tissues with blood induces a functional hypoxia, and anaerobic glycolysis assumes ever greater importance...

... into body compartments from frozen soil. In the absence of a nucleating agent or a crystal of ice to `catalyze'the transformation of water from liquid to solid, the bodily fluids remain in a supercooled, liquid state. The supercooled animals nonetheless face physiological challenges, most notably...

... on their ability to remain supercooled, and, whereas previous studies have reported that supercooling capacity improves markedly with cold acclimation, the mechanistic basis for this change is incompletely understood. We report that the crystallization temperature ( T c ) of recently hatched(summer) turtles...

... history commonly causes neonates in northerly populations to be exposed in mid-winter to ice and cold, which many animals survive by remaining unfrozen and supercooled. We measured the limit of supercooling in samples of turtles taken shortly after hatching and in other samples after 2 months...

... on supercooling to survive exposure to severe cold. We investigated seasonal changes in physiology and in the development of supercooling capacity and resistance to inoculative freezing in hatchling Chrysemys picta exposed in the laboratory to temperatures that decreased from 22 to 4 °C over a 5.5 month period...

... in this species is approximately −4 °C, hatchlings rely on supercooling to survive exposure to extreme cold. We investigated the influence of environmental ice nuclei on susceptibility to inoculative freezing in hatchling C. picta indigenous to the Sandhills of west-central Nebraska. In the absence of external...

... resistant stage. The order of relative survival of the different stages was different from that of the lowest F x (the temperature at which 50 % froze), suggesting that an ability to supercool was not the only determinant of survival. The F 50 was shown to be a good measure of the degree of supercooling...