... reaction forces. The scaling analyses imply that rodent tibia is (re)modeled in order to sustain bending at the midshaft during growth. The finite element results and relatively constant density after 10 weeks of age indicate that structural parameters may be the primary determinant of bone strength...

... thus constitute key variables in the life history of many species. Several indices exist to quantify body condition but none can provide the amount of stored energy. To estimate energy stores in mammals, we propose a body composition model that differentiates between structure and storage of an animal...

.... These range from a crucial role in the function of internal organelles such as vacuoles, lysosomes, synaptic vesicles, endosomes, secretory granules and the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane of several organisms and specific tissues, and specialized cells. The overall structure and mechanism of action...

... to anastomose with a secondary vessel running in parallel with the primary counterpart. In contrast to findings from other species, secondary vessels had a structure quite similar to that of primary vessels; they were lined by endothelial cells on a continuous basement membrane, with a single layer of smooth...

... and detergent micellar region. Large two-dimensional H + P-ATPase crystals also grow on the surface of such mixtures and on carbon films located at such surfaces. Electron crystallographic analysis of the two-dimensional crystals grown on carbon films has recently elucidated the structure of the H + P-ATPase...

... vacuole structure mechanism regulation Clathrin-coated vesicles serve a number of functions in animal cells. They function as the site of ligand–receptor clustering during the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis and also serve in targeting of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes from...

...Keith Munson; Nils Lambrecht; Jai Moo Shin; George Sachs ABSTRACT A structure of the catalytic or alpha subunit of the H + /K + -ATPase, with ten transmembrane segments, and of the beta subunit, with a single such segment, was established using a combination of tryptic cleavage and peptide...

...-mail: [email protected] ) 4 12 1997 24 03 1998 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1998 cytochrome c oxidase isoforms yeast oxygen respiration structure function gene expression In the presence of air, most of the energy produced by eukaryotic cells...

... dominance has been observed. This phenomenon suggests that EmrE is functional as a homo-oligomer. * e-mail: [email protected] . ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1997 multidrug transporters structure cysteine MiniTexans drug resistance energy coupling H+ transport...

...Nathan Nelson ABSTRACT Chromaffin granules and clathrin-coated vesicles are major sources for V-ATPases of mammalian cells. Studies of these organelles have helped us to understand the structure and function of the enzyme. It was shown that V-ATPases are composed of distinct catalytic and membrane...

.... The enzymes of these two families share a similar structure and subunit composition; some subunits in the two families evolved from common ancestors. Other subunits having no common ancestry were added independently to the various enzymes and defined the two separate families. The general mechanism...

..., a reduction corresponding to the percentage loss of dynein arms. The Fourier coefficients calculated for 9+2 and 9+1 demembranated axonemes ( Table 4 ) represent averaged quarter-waves for the two structural types. Inspection of corresponding coefficients for the two types shows that, within the limits...

... to proximal areas. The behaviour of the wings is related to their structure. Spars at the leading and trailing edges of both wings support the wing during the downstroke, and flexion during the upstroke is facilitated by buckling of the weak ventral thyridium region. The oblique flexion seen in the forewing...

...H. Hoppeler; S. L. Lindstedt ABSTRACT Muscles allow animals to interact mechanically with their environment. The basic processes concerned with motion as well as the structure of the sliding filaments in muscle cells are found with little modification throughout the animal kingdom ( Huxley, 1973...