... with the measured slope of m b versus cruising swim speed obtained in the field experiment. We also examined the slope of the relationship between stroke frequency and m b . Stroke frequency is the reciprocal of the flipper stroke cycle and was described as: stroke frequency=1/stroke cycle=reciprocation speed...

... interests. © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Acoustic telemetry Energetics Hypoxia Logger Penguin Scaling Seal Shark Stroke frequency Temperature The collective term ‘biologging’ has been coined to describe a process by which researchers gain information...

...), gliding drag (drag, drag coefficient and Reynolds number), swimming kinematics (stroke amplitude, stroke frequency and stroke frequency normalized for speed), swimming effectiveness (distance per stroke and Strouhal number) and swim performance (mean and maximum swim speeds) of two female bottlenose...

... the ADL, f H reached extremely low values: f H during the last 5 mins of an 18 min dive was 6 beats min –1 . Dive f H and minimum instantaneous f H during dives declined significantly with increasing dive duration. Dive f H was independent of swim stroke frequency. This suggests that progressive...

... Leptonychotes weddellii dive oxygen consumption locomotor cost plasma lactate stroke frequency foraging energetics Foraging by large predators comprises complex, potentially energetically demanding behaviors, depending on the type of prey involved( Stephens and Krebs, 1986 ). Activities...

... speed, depth, two-dimensional accelerations (stroke frequency and body angle) and temperature. All seals conducted multiple deep dives (the mean dive depth range for each animal was 223.3±66.5–297.9±164.7 m). Prolonged gliding while descending was observed with thinner females ( N =5 seals...

... video footage. Mean dive duration of birds equipped with the accelerometer and a time-depth recorder (TDR) was 5.7±2.2 min; 48% of these dives were greater than the measured 5.6 min ADL (ADL M ). Highest stroke frequencies (0.92±0.31 Hz, N =981) occurred during the initial descent to 12 m depth...

...Robert K. Josephson; Darrell R. Stokes ABSTRACT The flagella of crustaceans are small appendages, borne on the maxillipeds, which beat repetitively when active. Flagellar movement is brought about by contraction of a single muscle, the flagellum abductor (FA). The stroke frequency of the flagella...