... Zebra finch Tempo Stereotypy To analyse variation in song tempo between VD and LD song, we calculated the duration of the first motif of each song bout and analysed experimental variation in first motif durations using the same four-way factorial model as above (only first three bouts...

... D). In contrast, FO is only flexible in response to changes in food toughness in its duration ( Figs 5 E and 6 D) but this flexibility is associated with a constant level of variability between foods (i.e. inflexibility in stereotypy; in a pattern similar to Fig. 1 B). When chewing tougher foods...

... been well studied among vertebrates, with less attention on invertebrate systems. The goal of this study was to examine the amount of stereotypy in the feeding strike kinematics of praying mantises. We filmed eight juvenile ghost praying mantises ( Phyllocrania paradoxa ) at 1000 Hz across several days...

... mechanism, may have contributed to the impressive trophic diversity that characterizes this speciose lineage. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 23 1 2012 17 3 2012 © 2012. 2012 XROMM jaw biomechanics stereotypy flexibility coordination Upper...

... for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 22 10 2011 © 2012. 2012 songbird stereotypy reproductive success practice performance anterior forebrain pathway basal ganglia levels of analysis behavioral evolution In his seminal book ‘The Study of Instinct’, Nikolaas Tinbergen...

... stereotypy flexibility fish feeding feeding behavior neuromotor control muscle-activity pattern sensorimotor system neuromechanics In most vertebrate classes, prey-processing behaviors determine the range of prey that a species can consume ( Liem, 1979 ). Like many activities, prey-processing...

... of Biologists 1999 electromyography tongue protraction modulation feeding sensory feedback amphibian salamander stereotypy Plethodontidae Studies of the motor control of salamander feeding have found nearly simultaneous activation of feeding muscles, including antagonistic tongue muscles...

... in larger animals. 4 9 1994 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1995 feeding stereotypy kinematics scaling amphibian salamander behavior Salamandra salamandra The study of vertebrate feeding behavior has been a major focus in functional morphology over the last decade...