... ( [email protected] ) 14 5 2011 © 2011. 2011 Cnidaria box jellyfish Cubozoa behaviour swimming steering Tripedalia cystophora is a remarkable cnidarian. It lives in the mangrove swamps of the Caribbean, which are rich in food but potentially dangerous for a fragile animal...

...B. Hedwig; J. F. A. Poulet SUMMARY Phonotactic steering behaviour of the cricket G. bimaculatus was analysed with a new highly sensitive trackball system providing a spatial and temporal resolution of 127 μm and 0.3 ms, respectively. Orientation to artificial calling songs started at 45 dB SPL...

...Claire N. Balint; Michael H. Dickinson SUMMARY Flies are among the most agile of flying insects, a capacity that ultimately results from their nervous system's control over steering muscles and aerodynamic forces during flight. In order to investigate the relationships among neuromuscular control...

..., flying locusts produce steering avoidance responses to visual stimuli simulating the approach of the insect to an obstacle ( Robertson and Johnson, 1993 ; Hatsopoulos et al., 1995 ). Also, the nucleus rotundus of the pigeon has neurons selectively responsive to visual stimuli simulating direct approach...

...Maki Murayama; Masakazu Takahata ABSTRACT The synaptic activities underlying the uropod steering behaviour of crayfish evoked by tilting the substratum beneath the legs have been studied intracellularly in unanaesthetized animals standing or walking on a treadmill. The uropod motoneurones showed...

... with the direction and magnitude of abdomen deflection, a measure of steering in tethered, flying locusts. Hindwing stroke angle asymmetries were minimal or non-existent after stimulation. Coincident with changes in forewing asymmetry and abdomen deflection was a decrease in stroke amplitude (19±6.5...

... Locusta migratoria locomotion steering temperature infrared sensitivity motor pattern flight behaviour Animals moving in a natural environment encounter a profusion of stimuli to which they must respond by changing course. These stimuli take many forms including abiotic features...

... The Company of Biologists Limited 1994 cockroach escape flight giant interneurons steering Adult cockroaches Periplaneta americana were anesthetized with carbon dioxide and pinned ventral side up on a recording platform after the legs and wings had been ablated. The ventral nerve cord...

...R. Meldrum Robertson; Amanda G. Johnson ABSTRACT Obstacles approaching in the flight path trigger postural and wing kinematic adjustments in tethered flying locusts. We sought to confirm that these behaviours were steering behaviours by measuring the changes in the flight forces associated...

... of this acoustic startle response and recorded electromyograms from the muscles involved in producing them. The two behavior patterns studied were the swing of the metathoracic leg, which has been shown to elicit a short-latency turn, and a lateral swing of the antennae, for which a direct role in steering has...

...Philip L. Newland; Daniel Cattaert; Douglas M. Neil; Francois Clarac ABSTRACT Steering movements of the abdomen and the terminal appendages, the uropods, of the rock lobster Jasus lalandii have been examined during slow postural responses and during tail-flips using a combination of movement...

...Michael L. May; Ronald R. Hoy ABSTRACT Over the past 50 years, researchers have speculated that flying insects use their legs as part of the steering mechanism. This hypothesis developed from observing that insects making a right turn, for example, swing their right metathoracic and sometimes...

... pronation and upstroke supination by more than 25°. A more physiological stimulus regime resulted in angular changes of about 7°, which is near the range observed during steering manoeuvres. This confirms that the pleuroalar muscle plays an important role in adjusting the wing’s aerodynamic angle of attack...

... their motor effects. All components of steering (modification of wing stroke, ruddering with the hind legs, ruddering with the abdomen and head rotation) can be initiated by single DNs. Steering in flight involves the concerted action of at least 10 pairs of DNs synapsing with motor neurones and premotor...

...A. Baader ABSTRACT The abdomen is used by acridid grasshoppers for steering during flight ( Camhi, 1970 a ; Gewecke & Philippen, 1978 ; Taylor, 1981 ; Altman, 1982 ; Arbas, 1986 ; for a review see Rowell, Reichert & Bacon, 1985 ). The aim of the present study is to characterize some...

... rolling in locusts that are not flying. Excitation increases on the side that is rolled down. The response to angular movement about the roll axis is primarily phasic and is dependent on visual cues. It is concluded that these muscles take part in steering behaviour during corrective reactions. Activation...