..., 106 Central Street, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA 21 3 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 guinea fowl Numida meleagris backpack loading legged locomotion segmental energy oxygen consumption limb loading swing phase stance phase efficiency One approach...

... during stance phase in the four kinematically relevant joints of the forelimbs (scapular pivot,shoulder joint, elbow joint, wrist joint) and the hindlimbs (hip joint, knee joint, ankle joint, intratarsal joint) were determined by inverse dynamic analysis. Kinematics were measured by cineradiography (150...