... spermatophore extrusion spermatophore protrusion genital organ innervation Reproductive behaviour in crickets has been extensively studied in several species ( Khalifa, 1950 ; Huber, 1955 ; Hormann-Heck, 1957 ; Alexander, 1961 ; Alexander and Otte, 1967 ; Engelmann, 1970 ; Beck, 1974 ; Loher...

... extrusion or spermatophore protrusion has not been possible under dissected conditions. Recently, we developed methods to induce spermatophore extrusion and spermatophore protrusion not only in restrained but also in abdomen-opened males ( Kumashiro and Sakai, 2001 ). This new method has allowed us...