... and quietest along the body axis in the horizontal plane either directly anterior or directly posterior to the insect but, overall, the sound radiation pattern only showed a difference of 3 dB between the loudest and quietest directions. These measurements were converted to give the effective size...

... intensities behind and above the singer are approximately one-fifth (−7 dB) of the ipsilateral value. In most singers, the patterns of sound radiation are close to these mean values, but in some singers the radiation patterns are radically different. The sound radiated in various directions differs not only...

... by the asynchronous but overlapping action of the paired tymbals. The quality factor Q of the decay of the song pulses is approximately 17. The abdomen was driven experimentally by an internal sound source attached to a hole in the front of the abdomen. This allowed the sound-radiating regions to be mapped...

... a peak at this frequency for both loud and soft IN and OUT pulses. The 4 kHz components of all pulses, and particularly that of the right loud IN pulse, which has the loudest 4 kHz component, excited sympathetic sound radiation from the abdominal sternite region. Measured at the tympanal opercula, both...