...) are found across protostomes, insect odorant receptors (ORs) have only been identified in winged insects. We therefore hypothesized that the unique signal transduction of ORs offers an advantage for odour localization in flight. Using Drosophila , we found expression and increased activity...

... signal transduction mechanisms to respond with effective prey capture and predator evasion behaviors. However, the sensory biology of alveolate grazers is poorly understood. Using novel techniques that combine electrophysiological measurements and high-speed videomicroscopy, we investigated the sensory...

... in A. stephensi cells in vivo relative to controls. Signal transduction cascades can greatly amplify small differences in receptor phosphorylation, suggesting that IGF1-induced changes in MIR activation are reflected in larger changes in downstream IIS protein phosphorylation. * These authors...

... the reception of exogenous signals and subsequent endogenous signal transduction. To investigate the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) during larval settlement of B. amphitrite , we examined the effects of an NO donor and an NO scavenger, two nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors...

... phagocytes by acting through κ-opioid receptors that are coupled with the AC–cAMP–PKA signal transduction mechanism. The intracellular cAMP content in the dyn A (1–17) -treated splenic phagocytes was estimated following the manufacturer's (Sigma-Aldrich) protocol. Briefly, 100 μl of splenocyte...

... which bind to a small, putative α-helical domain of NHE3, between amino acids 586 and 605. The proteins which associate with NHE3 in this domain both stimulate and inhibit NHE3 activity. The interactions of many of these proteins are dynamic,often changing with signal transduction that affects NHE3...

... cold stress diapause signal transduction MAP kinase phosphorylation In addition to the cold hardening mechanisms exploited by overwintering insects that are in diapause, most insects have the capacity to quickly enhance their cold tolerance at other times of the year utilizing a mechanism...

... in the hypometabolic state. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: kenneth_storey@carleton.ca ) 15 1 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 metabolic rate depression anoxia tolerance hibernation reversible protein phosphorylation signal transduction stress-induced gene...

... induce tissue-specific pro- or anti-apoptotic events via the p38-MAPK signal transduction pathway in Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lam.) J. Exp. Biol. 208 , 4427 -4436. Kyriakis, J. M. and Avruch, J. ( 2001 ). Mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways activated...

... ) and programmed cell death ( Lagadic-Gossmann et al., 2004 ). The above-mentioned physiological changes can be affected through the process of signal transduction. Among the most important signalling pathways are those involving the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). This kinase family is divided...

... in combination with cadmium showed a synergistic effect on pHi and PK. These responses seem to be blocked by propranolol, metoprolol and prazosin. Our findings suggest a hormone-like effect of cadmium on digestive gland cells. The signal transduction pathway induced by cadmium involves the stimulation of PK, PKC...

... mammalian cardiac myocytes and intact myocardium (reviewed in Sugden and Clerk, 1998 ; Franklin and McCubrey, 2000 ). However, the factors that modulate these signalling pathways have not been described fully in any system studied to date. MAPKs are members of a major intracellular signal transduction...

... to be responsible for enhanced signal transduction. Instead we demonstrate that the function of membrane localization is to increase the number (or average lifetime) of complexes between signaling partners. A hallmark of signaling pathways is the spatial separation of activation and deactivation mechanisms; e.g...

... major roles in the regulation of intracellular metabolism and gene expression and integral actions in many areas including growth and development, disease, apoptosis and cellular responses to external stresses. To date, this cellular signal transduction network has received relatively little attention...

...Kennedy S. Wekesa; Stephanie Miller; Audrey Napier SUMMARY Social behaviors of most mammals are profoundly affected by pheromones. Pheromones are detected by G-protein coupled receptors in the vomeronasal organ (VNO). To investigate the role of Gα q/11 in vomeronasal signal transduction pathways...

... complexes, the high level of 14-3-3.a expression in gill epithelium of the euryhaline teleost F. heteroclitus suggests that it is crucial for signal transduction in gill epithelial cells. We provide evidence that 14-3-3.a is involved in osmosensory signal transduction by showing that its mRNA and protein...

... Paramecium tetraurelia GPI anchor signal transduction folate There is a growing awareness that many surface membrane proteins are peripheral proteins, tethered to the membrane by a glycophosphatidylinositol(GPI) anchor (Lisanti et al.,1990 ; Cross,1990 ). These surface proteins serve many diverse...

... their phenotype or, if their tolerance threshold is exceeded, by initiating programmed cell death. To understand how cells achieve these different types of adaptive response to osmotic stress, it is necessary to identify the key elements of osmosensory signal transduction and to analyze the complex networks...