... conditions of uncertain lighting ( Griffin, 1944 ; Griffin, 1958 ). Using differences between pulse and echo, echolocators collect information and form an acoustic image of the environment. Chiroptera calling behaviour signal design Yinpterochiroptera Yangochiroptera flutter detection Doppler...

..., the signalling environment and the sensory characteristics of receivers. Identification of the factors influencing active space has provided valuable insights into signal design, particularly in bioacoustics,in which signal distortion and degradation can be easily quantified. In the present study, we consider...

...Matthew E. Arnegard; B. Scott Jackson; Carl D. Hopkins SUMMARY Polymorphism in an animal communication channel provides a framework for studying proximate rules of signal design as well as ultimate mechanisms of signal diversification. Reproductively isolated mormyrid fishes from Gabon's...

... vibration jumping spider courtship seismic communication multimodal signal design signal evolution A large body of literature encompasses arthropod acoustic communication,including studies on acoustic properties of natural environments( Larsen and Michelsen, 1983 ; Michelsen, 1978 ; Romer...

...). Lizard responses to this array of stimuli reveal that duration is the most important characteristic of the tail-flick, and that intermittent signalling has the same effect as continuous movement. We suggest that signal design may reflect a trade-off between efficacy and cost. Final editing . The DV...