... transport challenges, and groups struggling to move large loads may find obstacle navigation easier. Emergent behavior Self-organization Decentralized coordination Collective behaviour Formicidae Social collectives are remarkably successful, with ants being among the most cooperative...

... with simple behaviors; if unsuccessful, they switch to robust behaviors that work for more difficult obstacles. Self-organization Emergent phenomena Formicidae Problem solving Decentralized coordination Swarm intelligence From multi-cellular organization to massive animal migrations...

... shape and intrinsic rhythm but also non-scalable rhythm components related to formation of the entire cell shape. Cell locomotion Scaling Self-organization Dimensional analysis Spatial memory Localization of locomotion machinery Traveling wave Biological scaling, referred...

...Johan van de Koppel; Tjeerd J. Bouma; Peter M. J. Herman Summary Complexity theory proposes that spatial self-organization, the process whereby small-scale, localized interactions among the components of a system generate complex spatial structures at large spatial scales, explains the formation...

...-Organization in Biological Systems . Princeton, Oxford : Princeton University Press . Chowdhury D. , Nishinari K. , Schadschneider A. ( 2004 ). Self-organized patterns and traffic flow in colonies of organisms: from bacteria and social insects to vertebrates . Phase Transitions 77...