... scaphognathite If the aerobic demands of the tissues of a lobster are to be met, the heart and scaphognathites (SGs) must be able to coordinate their activities to maintain an effective supply of oxygen ( Wilkens, 1976 , 1995 ). The SGs and heart must maintain an adequate flow of water and haemolymph...

...Robert K. Josephson; Darrell R. Stokes ABSTRACT The relationships between muscle length, fractional change in length (strain) and work output during cyclic contraction were examined in scaphognathite levator muscle L2B of the green crab Carcinus maenas (L.). The muscle was subjected to sinusoidal...

...Darrell R. Stokes; Robert K. Josephson ABSTRACT The mechanical power output was measured from scaphognathite (SG = gill bailer) muscle L2B of the crab Carcinus maenas (L.). The work was determined from the area of the loop formed by plotting muscle length against force when the muscle was subjected...

...Robert K. Josephson; Darrell R. Stokes ABSTRACT Contraction of scaphognathite muscle L2B of the green crab Carcinus maenas is strongly dependent on stimulus number and frequency. Single, supramaximal stimuli evoke little or no tension. When stimulated with shocks in either short bursts (10 stimuli...