...’ can depend on the hypothesis. Using 13 diversely shaped skulls of marsupial bettongs and potoroos (Potoroidae), we demonstrate that scaling muscle forces to standardise specific aspects of biting mechanics can produce clearly opposing comparisons of stress or strain that are differentially suited...

...) with increasing whale body size. Such constraints likely shaped the ecology and energetics of foraging at the largest scales. Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests. © 2025. Published by The Company...

... attributed. Summary: The energy output of skeletal muscle is limited by one of two characteristic energies: its work capacity and its kinetic energy capacity. Dimensional analysis Jumping Muscle physiology Musculoskeletal modelling Scaling Human Frontier Science Programme...

... mass data from matched terrestrial mammalian species, at rest and during heavy exercise, and reveal scaling relationships that challenge this assumption. Our analyses indicate that the fractional metabolic cost of systemic perfusion compared with whole-body metabolic rate increases significantly...

... examine several of these insights and explore how the selective pressures and scaling may differ when comparing animals in a vegetative (basal) state and those utilizing their maximum metabolic capacities. It seems that the selective pressures under those two conditions differ. We caution that allometric...

...Craig R. White; Dustin J. Marshall ABSTRACT Constraint-based explanations have dominated theories of size-related patterns in nature for centuries. Explanations for metabolic scaling – the way in which metabolism changes with body mass – have been based on the geometry of circulatory networks...

...Keity J. Farfán-Pira; Teresa I. Martínez-Cuevas; Timothy A. Evans; Marcos Nahmad ABSTRACT Scaling between specific organs and overall body size has long fascinated biologists, being a primary mechanism by which organ shapes evolve. Yet, the genetic mechanisms that underlie the evolution of scaling...

... in response to a +3°C warming (18.5°C, simulating a winter heatwave) compared with ambient winter temperature (15.5°C). The metabolic scaling rate (b =0.635 at 15.5°C and 0.746 at 18.5°C) with respect to size was similar to that of other echinoderms and was not affected by temperature. Elevated temperature...

...Robert L. Cieri; Taylor J. M. Dick; Jeremy S. Morris; Christofer J. Clemente ABSTRACT A considerable biomechanical challenge faces larger terrestrial animals as the demands of body support scale with body mass (M b), while muscle force capacity is proportional to muscle cross-sectional area, which...

... understand how body size affects maneuverability at the largest scale, we used bio-logging data, aerial photogrammetry and a high-throughput approach to quantify the maneuvering performance of seven species of free-swimming baleen whale. We found that as body size increases, absolute maneuvering performance...

... found that the average amplitude of the oscillations in the lateral and fore–aft directions was less than 1.5 cm. Such amplitudes for postural oscillation are comparable with those of dogs and other species, suggesting that some aspects of sensorimotor postural control do not scale with size...

... for understanding the propensity of some taxa to harbor many virulent and sometimes zoonotic pathogens without showing clinical disease. Here, we used a comparative framework to quantify scaling relationships between body mass and the proportions of two types of white blood cells – lymphocytes and granulocytes...

... of giants has evolved. In terrestrial tetrapods, isometric and allometric scaling patterns of bones are evident throughout evolutionary history, reflecting general trends and lineage-specific divergences as animals evolve giant size. Added to data on the scaling of other supportive tissues and neuromuscular...

...S. R. Kahane-Rapport; M. S. Savoca; D. E. Cade; P. S. Segre; K. C. Bierlich; J. Calambokidis; J. Dale; J. A. Fahlbusch; A. S. Friedlaender; D. W. Johnston; A. J. Werth; J. A. Goldbogen ABSTRACT Fundamental scaling relationships influence the physiology of vital rates, which in turn shape...

...Hyunggwi Song; John D. Polk; Mariana E. Kersh ABSTRACT Allometric relationships have been studied over different Orders of mammals to understand how bone accommodates the mechanical demands associated with increasing mass. However, less attention has been given to the scaling of bone within...

...-carrying ability scaled isometrically with body size, indicating that larger ants had the capacity to lift the same proportion of their body mass as smaller ants (8.78 times body mass). However, larger ants were captured carrying leaf fragments that represented a lower proportion of their body mass...

...P. A. Green; M. J. McHenry; S. N. Patek ABSTRACT Measurements of energy use, and its scaling with size, are critical to understanding how organisms accomplish myriad tasks. For example, energy budgets are central to game theory models of assessment during contests and underlie patterns of feeding...

...-induced reduction in attachment performance has not previously been investigated, and it is unclear how animals deal with this effect, and whether it indeed exists. We explored the scaling of claw sharpness with body size using four insect species (Nauphoeta cinerea , Gromphadorhina portentosa , Atta...

... for fluidization. We quantified the effects of organism and particle-size scaling on burial behavior of English sole, Parophrys vetulus . We recorded burial events from a size range of individuals (5–32 cm total length, TL), while maintaining constant substrate grain size. Larger fish used lower cycle frequencies...

... foraging mechanisms and extremely large body size to exploit unique ecological niches in the ocean. Scaling Odontocetes Mysticetes Diving Filter feeding Echolocation The gradual increase in toothed whale body size since the Oligocene is markedly different than the much more recent (i.e...