... adaptation between separated populations of a single species inhabiting spectrally different waters. The rod photoreceptors of the retina chiefly subserve vision at low light levels. Effective photon catch is a necessary condition for reaching high signal-to-noise ratios in dim light and thus high visual...

... rod photoreceptor deep-sea fish spectral tuning evolution. The ambient light of the deep-sea is composed of dim blue downwelling daylight and bioluminescence ( Marshall, 1979 ). However, the intensity of downwelling light diminishes rapidly with increasing depth, and the limit of scotopic...