... slug, and also shows the utility of β-arrestin as a molecular marker of optic nerves. Spatiotemporal resolution Lehmannia Optic nerve Rhodopsin Retina Gastropod Most metazoan animal species have eyes as a sensory organ specialized for the detection of ambient light. The evolution...

... of mysid crustaceans. Compound eye Visual adaptation Ecophysiology Rhodopsin Metarhodopsin Rhabdom Photoreceptors are susceptible to damage from the very functions they are designed to perform most efficiently: photon capture and signal amplification. Light absorption...

... ), and it appears that the rhodopsin gene at least may be widespread among colubrid snakes. However, functional evidence supporting transmutation beyond the existence of the rhodopsin gene remains rare. We examined the all-cone retina of another colubrid, Pituophis melanoleucus , thought to be more secretive...

... wavelength-sensitive photoreceptors (green, λ max ∼555 nm, and red, λ max ∼600 nm), which express the same LW opsin. The red cell's shifted sensitivity is probably due to perirhabdomal filtering pigments. Sexual dimorphism of the UV-absorbing rhodopsins may reflect the females' need to discriminate...

... and (in some species) photophores. Here, we present molecular evidence suggesting that cephalopod chromatophores – small dermal pigmentary organs that reflect various colors of light – are photosensitive. RT-PCR revealed the presence of transcripts encoding rhodopsin and retinochrome within the retinas...

... 90089, USA 11 11 2011 10 4 2012 © 2012. 2012 rhodopsin porphyropsin photoreceptor visual ecology The absorptance spectrum of a visual pigment describes how efficiently it catches photons of different energies (light of different wavelengths) to initiate vision...

... trichromatic vision. * Author for correspondence ( john.layne@uc.edu ) 22 9 2010 © 2010. 2010 color vision photoreceptor visual pigment rhodopsin Uca pugilator fiddler crab Animal coloration has long been implicated in intraspecific signaling ( Darwin, 1871...

.... and Yoshikami, S. ( 1970 ). The rhodopsin-porphyropsin system in freshwater fishes. 2. Turnover and interconversion of visual pigment prosthetic groups in light and darkness:role of the pigment epithelium. Vision Res. 10 , 1333 -1345. Browman, H. I. and Hawryshyn, C. W. ( 1992 ). Thyroxine induces...

... opsin subtypes can provide flexibility in spectral tuning associated with migration–metamorphic events. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: craig.hawryshyn@queensu.ca ) 23 4 2008 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 rhodopsin porphyropsin thyroxine fish vision...

... of the butterfly visual pigments, the three major spectral classes are encoded by ancient duplications, which produced distinct UV, B and LW opsin genes. 26 11 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 eye evolution color vision photoreceptor rhodopsin visual pigment opsin sexual...

... histologically characterized UV-sensitive photoreceptor cells that contain a unique non-visual UV pigment, lamprey parapinopsin, in order to elucidate the neural network that is associated with antagonistic chromatic responses. These characteristics were compared with those of lamprey rhodopsin-containing cells...

.... In the fruit fly, Drosophila , R1–6 express the same rhodopsin (Rh1),whilst the R7 and R8 of a given ommatidium express either Rh3 and Rh5, or Rh4 and Rh6, respectively. We have studied whether this expression pattern of rhodopsins is conserved in the blowfly Calliphora vicina . We have cloned three novel...

...Adriana D. Briscoe; Gary D. Bernard SUMMARY Spectral tuning of rhodopsins commonly refers to the effects of opsin amino acid substitutions on the wavelength for peak sensitivity of the rhodopsin absorption spectrum. Nymphalini butterflies provide an opportunity for identifying some of the amino...

... ). Not all butterfly eyes are created equal: rhodopsin absorption spectra, molecular identification and localization of UV-, blue- and greensensitive rhodopsin encoding mRNA in the retina of Vanessa cardui. J. Comp. Neurol. 458 , 334 -349. Chase, M. R., Bennett, R. R. and White, R. H. ( 1997...

...-terminal sequences of three identified rhodopsins: P520, P450 and P357. Retinulae are composed of a small proximal cell and seven or eight elongate cells extending across the retina. In each retinula, one or two elongate dv cells oriented in the dorsal-ventral axis of the retinal lattice express either...