... analyzed in a tubular tank with 50 cm of vertical range, and in most cases larvae reached the bottom of that tank during a 120 s dimming stimulus. Light-evoked spiral diving in zebrafish may be an innate defense reflex against specific predation threats. Since visual and auditory escapes are initially...

... amplitude. Through a combination of physiological and anatomical criteria we were able to identify seven classes of excitatory depressor motor neurons. The majority of these classes responded to proprioceptive input with a resistance reflex, while a few responded with an assistance reflex, and yet others...

...Judith Anderson; Maria I. Almeida-Silveira; Chantal Pérot ABSTRACT Reflex, mechanical and histochemical adaptations of the soleus muscle following 3 weeks of hindlimb suspension (HS) were measured in the rat. HS transformed the soleus muscle fibre type composition from predominantly slow, type I...

...Peter Skorupski; Paul J. Vescovi; Brian M. H. Bush ABSTRACT It is now well established that in arthropods movement-related feedback may produce positive, as well as negative, feedback reflexes ( Bässler, 1976 ; DiCaprio and Clarac, 1981 ; Skorupski and Sillar, 1986 ; Skorupski et al . 1992 ; Vedel...

...Peter Skorupski; Reinhold Hustert ABSTRACT Resistance reflexes in arthropods are negative feedback reflexes broadly analogous to the vertebrate stretch reflex ( Bush, 1962 ). Such reflexes may well be concerned with the maintenance of stable posture as a prerequisite for motor behaviour...

... excitatory motoneurones. Reflex movements of the scape-pedicel joint are triggered by several sense organs of the locust, e.g. antennal sensilla. Touching a flagellum of a resting locust normally evokes either an avoidance reflex , which removes the antenna from the stimulus source, or reflex chains, during...

... of either the middle or hind leg moved forward and backward in a trajectory similar to that used in a walking step. In a standing animal the movement of either leg evokes a weak resistance reflex. If the animal walks with the middle leg-stump held still, then short and weak motor bursts are generated...

...R. A. Dicaprio; F. Clarac ABSTRACT One of the most common reflexes observed in invertebrates is the resistance reflex, in which a proprioceptor at a given joint excites the motor neurones innervating the muscles controlling the joint so as to resist imposed movement (Bush, 1962, 1963, 1965; Barnes...